Samenvatting
Summary Statistics 1 (GESTAT1) for SPD & HGP
- Instelling
- Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)
Summary for the final exam of the course Statistics 1 for students from SPD & HGP at the University of Groningen
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 2 van de 11 pagina's
Voorbeeld 2 van de 11 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Verkoper
Volgen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Statistics 1- Terms;
Statistics: knowledge acquisition on the basis of data
Population: the group that you want to describe, the entire set of elements
Sample: the group for which you have data, a subset of elements from the
population taken with the intention of making inferences/statement(s) about the
whole population
Parameter: numerical property of the population
Statistic: numerical property of a sample
Sampling distribution: describes how the statistic varies when sampling is repeated,
describes variability. This is the basis for inference
Inference: making statements about the population based on a sample
Z-score: standardized value of X
- Central limit theorem:
Even if a variable X is not normally distributed in the population à we may assume
that, under certain conditions (such as a large number of cases [>30] and a fixed
standard deviation s). The sampling distribution of the mean is approximately
normal with standard error ( s / Ön )
- Sampling error (difference between the value of a parameter and the statistic
computed to estimate that parameter):
1. Variability: phenomenon in which repeated sampling results in different results
for the statistic, by increasing a sample size the variability will decrease
2. Sampling bias: a bias in which data is collected in such a way that some members
of the intended population are less likely to be inclined than others
3. Non-sampling error: measurement error, a combination of measurement
problems
- Minimizing non-sampling error;
(measurement) validity: refers to the degree of correspondence between the
concept being addressed and the variable being used to measure that concept
(measurement) accuracy: refers to the absence of error, or degree of agreement
between measurement and true value, which does not imply validity
(measurement) precision: refers to the level of exactness or to the range of values
possible in the measurement process
Prevent coding errors
Prevent interpretation errors
Good labelling
, - Sources of data:
Internal data: data available from
existing records or files of an
institution undertaking a study from
an internal source
External data: data obtained from an
organization external to the
institution undertaking the study are
data from an external source
Primary data: obtained from the
organization or institution that
originally collected the information
Secondary data: obtained from a
source other than the primary data
source
Pg. 17 Elementary Statistics for Geographers
- Types of samples:
Pg. 261 Elementary statistics for Geographers
Probability sample: sample in which the probability of any individual member of the
population being picked for the sample can be determined
- Probability samples;
Simple random sample: sample in which each possible sample of a given size n has
an equal probability of being selected. A way of executing this is to number all
individuals and then randomly pick numbers from the population until the sample is
full. A way to produce random numbers is needed, nowadays that is often done
mathematically/by computers
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper BoukeK. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €6,92. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 53068 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen