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Lectures 1 - 4 Basic Therapeutic Skills (BTS) - Leiden University €4,49
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Lectures 1 - 4 Basic Therapeutic Skills (BTS) - Leiden University

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Week 1: Introduction Week 2: The Therapeutic Relationship Week 3: Understanding different approaches to psychotherapy Week 4: Transference and countertransference

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  • 29 september 2022
  • 16
  • 2021/2022
  • College aantekeningen
  • Leiden university
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Basic Therapeutic Skills (BTS) Lectures – Leiden University 2021-2022

Week 1: Introduction

What is psychotherapy? The treatment of mental, emotional or behavioral problems by
psychological means. What types of problems? Depression, anxiety, personality disorders,
relational/family problems, behavioral problems, coping with difficult/traumatic events, etc.

Variety in psychotherapies: psychoanalytic, cognitive, behavioral, systematic, marital, group,
problem solving, acceptance and commitment, etc.

Goals of psychotherapy
 Establishing new ways of relating to others
 Less symptomatic distress
 Changes in behavioral patterns contributing to suffering
 Better self-understanding and insight
 Accepting and valuing oneself
A common principle in many forms of psychotherapy consists of helping clients to become
aware of and challenge their self-criticism.

What do you think is the most effective factor in psychotherapy?
 Therapeutic relationship (40% - or more?)
 Extratherapeutic factors (30%)
 Intervention, techniques (15%)
 Placebo, hope and/or expectancy (15%)

Effective factors in psychotherapy: study examining therapist effect sin the treatment of
depression:
- 18 psychiatrists
- 57 pts received psychopharmacological treatment; 57 pts received placebo
- Larger amount of variance explained by the psychiatrist than by the treatment
- The most effective psychiatrists achieved larger treatment effects with the placebo than
the least effective psychiatrists with the actual medication

Basic therapeutic skills (course): from reproduction to introspection. Learn How To:
- Establish rapport
- Create meaningful contact
- Use your powers of observation
- Manage the initial interview
- Communicate essential information
- Manage difficult moments
- Balance the personal with the professional
- Communicate with colleagues/supervisors
- Evaluate your own development

Establish rapport
 Clients are in a difficult position:
o Overwhelmed with feelings
o Possibly anxious talking about personal matters

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, Basic Therapeutic Skills (BTS) Lectures – Leiden University 2021-2022

o Not clear about what is wrong
o Scared things will not improve
o Worried about bothering friends and family
o Confused about what to do
o Apprehensive about being judged by the therapist
 First impression counts
 Our clients need hope
Are you a good listener? Are you accepting and non-judgmental? Do people trust you with
their secrets? Do you easily get people to open up?

Create meaningful contact
 Generate hope
 Provide an opportunity for emotional release
 Offer explanations and interpretations of problems
 Modify cognitions
 Give support and advice
 Try out new behavior

Sharpen your Powers of Observation
 Non-verbal cues (e.g., clothing, facial expression, proxemics)
 Verbal expressions
 The relationship between verbal and non-verbal expression
 Your own feelings and reactions to the client

Manage the initial interview
 Keep the focus: clients can be evasive or resistant
 Pace the session: “If we spend all our time on this, I am afraid we won’t get to the other
things you wanted to discuss today” & “How does that sound to you”

Communicate information
 Who are you?
 What do you want to know? To what purpose?
 Have you asked for permission to ask certain questions?
 Does your client know why you ask all these things?
 Idem: How much information do you need?
 Did you make clear what you do not know?
 Who will have access to the information?

Manage difficult moments: Your client: shows resistance, does not want to live like this
(suicidal thoughts), wants to do harm to others (or to you), is unable to engage in self-care,
abuses others (children, elderly), experiences an accident or assault or loss (prevention of
PTSD).

Balance the personal with the professional
 The client needs me: he/she has no one to talk to.
 The client needs extra time: I will extend the hour.
 My client is so shy: it will probably help to talk outside the office.

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, Basic Therapeutic Skills (BTS) Lectures – Leiden University 2021-2022

 My client is so funny: I would like to continue contact.

Communicate with colleagues
 You will react emotionally, cognitively, and behaviorally to your clients.
 Your reactions stem from your own history and your perceptions about the present.
 There is no right way to feel or think.
 Our choices have consequences.
 Self-awareness increases therapeutic options.
 Your obligation is to pursue self-awareness throughout your career.

Getting a feel for the course
Literature – Skills lab – Assignments – Papers – Supervised sessions – Unsupervised sessions
– Self-assessment.

Skills Lab: training in basic psychotherapeutic skills (role playing, observation, individual and
group tasks), simulation of psychotherapy (minitherapy (2 sessions)), log about your
professional development (the ‘self-reflective diary’).

All the assignments, monitoring progress, practicing and lectures are preparations for the
minitherapy. Keeping a self-reflective diary: log about your professional development based
on your leading-objectives and the training matrix.

In the end of the BTS course, these questions should sound familiar:
- What do patients need to benefit from psychotherapy?
- How does a therapist facilitate the process of psychotherapy?
- How does a therapist evaluate psychotherapeutic processes?
- How does a therapist evaluate his/her own progress?




Week 2: The Therapeutic Relationship

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