Dit is een samenvatting van de hoorcolleges en het boek van DP gegeven in de premaster clinical child and family studies aan de UU. Dit is de tweede toets in blok 1.
Exam 2 materials:
Literature
Ch. 6 (Intellectual developmental disorder )
Ch. 8 (Maltreatment/Trauma)
Ch. 10 (ODD/CD)
Ch. 13 (Eating disorders)
Ch. 14 (Substance use)
Papers for lectures on Dyslexia/Dyscalculia and DLD, see required course material section
above for detailed references (Book chapter by McKean et al (2018), papers by Snowling et al
(2020) & by Mammarella et al (2021).
Lectures
Eating disorders (Anouk de Keizer)
Substance use (Margreet de Looze)
Developmental Language disorders (Elma Blom)
Dyslexia & Dyscalculia (Elise de Bree)
Disruptive Behaviors Disorders (Lysanne te Brinke)
Trauma (Lex Wijnroks)
Intellectual disorders (Lex Wijnroks)
HC Anouk keizer Eating disorders
For people with anorexia their perception is reality.
Some numbers:
- 0.6% of females
- 35% relapse
- 50% Chronically ill
- 5-15% mortality rate
Over the last 15 years body research made a shift from being done by mainly clinical psychologist to
also being done by neuropsychologist and neuroscientist.
Body representation in neuropsychology: abstract collection of all body-related information:
Bodily cognitions (emotions, attitudes, semantics).
Bodily perception (visual, tactile perception).
Bodily action (planning/execution of motor action).
Input from multiple senses contributes to building a blueprint of the body and its size in the brain.
Determining whether you are fat is not the aim of your body representation.
The mental representation of the size of our body is crucial in keeping the body safe and unharmed.
Body representation:
Internal model of our body (blueprint).
Constructed from information from different senses.
Abstract information (not just an image).
Crucial in daily life for bodily cognition/affect; bodily perception and motor action.
Body representation in anorexia:
Anorexia patients mainly struggle with the size of their body.
Anorexia patients feel bigger with their body
Anorexia patients move as if they are bigger
,Body representation disturbance in anorexia is more severe than previously assumed: Anorexia
patients do not only think and see themselves as fat, they literally feel fatter and move around as if
their body is bigger.
Can we change body size experience in anorexia?
HC Margreet de Loze : substance abuse
,Young people’s substance use: Cross-national differences and recent trends over time.
Part 1: How (ab)normal is adolescent substance use?
Adolescence
Distancing from parents: adolescents are starting to form their own life. They will have more
secrets for their parents.
Intensifying peer contacts: young people start spending more time with their peers.
Experimentation with adult-like behaviors: behaviors that are in the eyes many adolescents
are considered mature.
The maturity gap (Moffitt, 1993; 2006): when you are an adolescent you are kind of trapped
between your biologic maturity and your social maturity.
Balanced view: Adolescents need to find a way between:
Learning to deal with increasing autonomy;
Preventing negative consequences of experimental behaviors;
→ Challenge for adolescents, parents, societies as a whole.
Part 2: How to explain international differences in adolescent substance use?
Southern European countries use more alcohol at young ages (adolescents).
Comparing (national) alcohol policies
1. Availability: How easy is it for young people to get acces to alcohol?
2. Price: Are young people more likely to drink in countries where it is cheaper?
3. Drinking context (cultural norms): Is it more normal to drink for younger people in some
countries?
4. Alcohol advertising: it concerns the extends to which by law allows the advertising of
alcohol use.
Drinking cultures:
Intoxication cultures: UK, Ireland, Scandinavia.
Non-intoxication cultures: Portugal, France ‘’In France only losers get drunk’’.
Part 3: Recent trends in the Netherlands
, Alcohol & young people in NL The ‘90s: the idea was that if you forbid adolescents, they
will do it anyway. It is better to allow it at home. Guiding our child in to learning how to deal
with alcohol. It is better to try it in a safe environment. Not a very effective approach.
In 2003 alcohol was highest among dutch adolescents. The dutch kids were the most drunk
kids of Europe.
2014: Legal drinking age 16 → 18 Social norms campaign: NIX.
Was the policy successful?
Also other societal developments, such as: more research on the influence of alcohol on young
people’s brain development. The idea that alcohol could alter the brain really hit home for a lot of
people. This message had a strong impact.
Part 4 International teen trends in substance use: What’s driving them?
Are these trends youth-specific?
Yes; adolescent and young adult specific.
Adult trends are different.
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