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1BV00- Summary of book (all chapters)
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This is the summary of the book with all the chapters included.
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 53 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 53 pagina's
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Door: fatihkaleman • 2 jaar geleden
Would definitely recommend it. The document was of great help during my exam study.
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
1BV0018 May 2022
1 CH 1: Business Information Systems in Your Career
How Information Systems are Transforming Business
• If you and your business aren’t connected to the Internet and mobile apps, chances are you are not
being as effective as you could be.
• It is a new world of doing business.
Key Challenges in Management Information Systems
• What makes management information systems the most exciting topic in business today is the continual
change in technology, management use of technology, and the impact on business success.
• These changes present challenges to all business managers who need to decide how to adapt their firm
to new developments.
What’s New in MIS
• Technology:
– cloud computing
– big data
– mobile digital platforms
• Management:
– online collaboration and social networking (SharePoint)
– business intelligence applications accelerate (more powerful data analytics, real-time perfor-
mance information)
– virtual meetings proliferate (telepresence, video conferencing)
• Organizations:
– social business (social media)
– telework gains momentum in workplace (remote work programs)
– co-creation of business value (value shift from products to solutions)
1
,Globalization Challenges and Opportunities
• The internet and global communications had greatly expanded the opportunities for people to commu-
nicate with one another and reduced the economic and cultural advantages of developed countries.
• Because of information systems, the costs of operating and transacting on a global scale have been
greatly reduced.
Business Objectives for Information Systems
1. Operational excellence: Businesses continuously seek to improve the efficiency of their operations to
achieve higher profitability. Information systems and technologies are some of the most important tools
available to managers for achieving higher levels of efficiency and productivity in business operations.
2. New products, services, and business models: IS and technologies are major enabling tools for firms
to create new products and services, as well as entirely new business models.
3. Customer and supplier intimacy: When a business really knows its customers and serves them well,
the way they want to be served, the customers generally respond by returning and purchasing more,
which increases revenues and profits. Likewise, the more a business engages its suppliers, the better
the suppliers can provide vital inputs.
4. Improved decision making: Information systems and technologies have now made it possible for man-
agers to use real-time data from the marketplace when making decisions.
5. Competitive advantage: When firms achieve one or more of these business objectives, chances are they
have already achieved a competitive advantage.
6. Survival: Business firms also invest in information systems and technologies because they are necessi-
ties doing business.
Business model: describes how a company produces, delivers, and sells a product or service to create wealth.
Information Technology (IT)
• IT consists of all the hardware and software that a firm needs to use to achieve its business objectives.
Information System (IS)
• A set of interrelated components that collect, process, store and distribute information to support deci-
sion making, coordinating, and control in an organization.
• Also helps managers and workers analyze problems, visualize complex subjects and create new prod-
ucts.
• Contain information about significant people, places, and things within the organization.
Information: Data that have been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to human begins.
Data: Streams of raw facts representing events occurring in organization or the physical environment before
they have been organized and arranged into a form that people can understand and use.
2
,3 Activities in an IS produce information that organizations need
1. Input: captures or collects raw data from within the organization or from its external environment.
2. Processing: converts this raw input into a meaningful form.
3. Output: transfers the processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which
it will be used.
Feedback: output that is returned to appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate or correct
the input stage.
The Role of People and Organizations
• Information systems literacy: includes behavioral as well as a technical approach to studying informa-
tion systems.
• Computer literacy: focuses primarily on knowledge of IT.
• Management Information Systems (MIS): tries to achieve this broader information systems literacy,
deals with behavioral issues as well as technical issues surrounding the development, use and impact
of information systems that managers and employees in the firm use.
Dimensions of Information Systems
• Dimensions of IS: organizations, people, and information technology.
1. Organizations: Organizations have a structure that is composed of different levels and specialities.
Their structures reveal a clear-cut division of labor. A business firm is organized as a hierarchy of
rising authority and responsibility. An organization accomplishes and coordinates work through
this structured hierarchy and through its business processes.
– Business processes: Logically related tasks and behaviors for accomplishing work. For ex-
ample, developing new products, fulfilling an order, hiring a new employee. Moreover, some
of the business processes have been written down, but others are informal work practices.
– Culture: Each organization has a unique culture, or fundamental set of assumptions, val-
ues, and ways of doing things, that has been accepted by most of its members. Parts of an
organization’s culture can always be found embedded to its information systems.
2. People: A business is only as good as the people who work there and run it. Likewise with IS,
they are useless without skilled people to build and maintain them or people who can understand
how to use the information in a system to achieve business objectives.
3. Technology: IT is one of many tools managers use to cope with change and complexity.
– Computer hardware: physical equipment used for input, processing and output activities in
an IS.
– Computer software: consists of detailed, pre-programmed instructions that control and coor-
dinate the computer hardware components in an IS.
– Data management technology: consists of the software governing the organization of data
on physical storage media.
– Networking and telecommunications technology: consisting of both physical devices and
software, links the various pieces of hardware and transfers data from one physical location
to another.
3
, Network: Links two or more computers to share data or resources.
Intranets: Internal corporate networks based on internet technology are called intranets.
Extranets: Private intranets extended to authorized users outside the organization are called extranets.
IT Infrastructure: Provides the foundation, or platform, on which the firm can build its specific information
systems. IT infrastructure must be carefully designed and managed so that it has the set of technology ser-
vices an organization needs for the work it want to accomplish with IS.
A Model of the Problem-Solving Process
• There is a simple model of problem solving that you can use to help you understand and solve business
problems by using information systems:
1. Problem Identification: First step is to understand what kind of problem exists. The following 3 di-
mensions are helpful guides to understand the kind of problem:
• Organizations: typical organizational problems include poor business processes, unsuportive cul-
ture, political fighting, changes in organization’s surrounding environment.
• Technology: technology problems include insufficient or aging hardware, outdated software, in-
sufficient network capacity, incompatibility with new technologies.
• People: people problems include employee training, difficulties of evaluating performance.
2. Solution Design: Choice of solution often reflects the differing perspectives of people in an organiza-
tion. Try to consider as many solution as possible so that you can understand the range of possible
solutions.
3. Solution Evaluation and Choice: Choose the best solution by considering some factors such as cost
of the solution, time required to build and implement feasibility. The attitudes and support of the
employees and managers are important.
4. Implementation: The best solution is one that can be implemented. Implementation of an IS solution
involves building the solution and introducing it into the organization. Also, implementation includes
the measurement of outcomes: feedback.
Change Management: refers to the many techniques used to bring about successful change in a business.
You should figure out how to encourage employees to adapt to these ways of doing business.
Critical Thinking
• Sustained suspension of judgment with an awareness of multiple perspectives and alternatives and it
involves 4 elements:
1. maintaining doubt and suspending judgment
2. being aware of different perspectives
3. testing alternatives and letting experience guide
4. being aware of organizational and personal limitations
4
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