Dit document bevat alle inhoud van alle slides van alle hoorcolleges en aantekeningen van alle hoorcolleges van voor de eindtoets en samenvattingen van hoofdstuk 11, 13, 14, en 16.
Hersenen en Gedrag
Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 11 ........................................................................................................................................... 4
Module 11.1 – what is emotion? ........................................................................................................ 4
Emotions and autonomic arousal ................................................................................................... 4
Do people have a few basic emotions? .......................................................................................... 6
The functions of emotion................................................................................................................ 7
Module 11.1 – in closing ................................................................................................................. 8
Module 11.2 – attack and escape behaviours .................................................................................... 8
Attack behaviours ........................................................................................................................... 8
Fear and anxiety ............................................................................................................................ 10
Anxiety disorders .......................................................................................................................... 14
Relief from anxiety ........................................................................................................................ 15
Module 11.2 – in closing ............................................................................................................... 15
Hoofdstuk 13 ......................................................................................................................................... 17
Module 13.3 – making decisions and social neuroscience ............................................................... 17
Perceptual decisions ..................................................................................................................... 17
Decisions based on values ............................................................................................................ 17
The biology of love ........................................................................................................................ 18
Empathy and altruism ................................................................................................................... 18
Module 13.3 – in closing ............................................................................................................... 19
Hoofdstuk 8 ........................................................................................................................................... 20
Module 8.1 – rhythms of waking and sleeping ................................................................................. 20
Endogenous rhythms .................................................................................................................... 20
Setting and resetting the biological clock ..................................................................................... 21
Mechanisms of the biological clock .............................................................................................. 22
Module 8.1 – in closing ................................................................................................................. 24
Module 8.2 – stages of sleep and brain mechanisms ....................................................................... 25
Sleep and other interruptions of consciousness........................................................................... 25
The stages of sleep ........................................................................................................................ 25
Paradoxical or REM sleep.............................................................................................................. 27
Brain mechanisms of wakefulness, arousal, and sleep................................................................. 27
Brain activity in REM sleep............................................................................................................ 29
Sleep disorders .............................................................................................................................. 30
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, Module 8.2 – in closing ................................................................................................................. 32
Voorschouw fantoom ........................................................................................................................... 34
Voorschouw slaap ................................................................................................................................. 39
Hoorcollege – 10-10-2022..................................................................................................................... 54
Werkgroep – 10-10-2022 ...................................................................................................................... 69
Hoofdstuk 10 ......................................................................................................................................... 72
Module 10.1 – sex and hormones .................................................................................................... 72
Organizing effects of sex hormones ............................................................................................. 73
Activating effects of sex hormones ............................................................................................... 76
Parental behaviour........................................................................................................................ 78
Module 10.1 – in closing ............................................................................................................... 79
Module 10.2 – variations in sexual behaviour .................................................................................. 80
Evolutionary interpretations of mating behaviour ....................................................................... 80
Gender identity and gender-differentiated behaviours ............................................................... 81
Sexual orientation ......................................................................................................................... 82
Module 10.2 – in closing ............................................................................................................... 85
Hoorcollege – 11-10-2022..................................................................................................................... 87
Naschouw hormonen.......................................................................................................................... 102
Voorschouw depressie ........................................................................................................................ 109
Hoorcollege – 17-10-2022................................................................................................................... 114
Hoofdstuk 14 ....................................................................................................................................... 141
Module 14.2 – mood disorders....................................................................................................... 141
Major depressive disorder .......................................................................................................... 141
Antidepressant drugs .................................................................................................................. 142
Bipolar disorder........................................................................................................................... 146
Module 14.2 – in closing ............................................................................................................. 147
Module 14.3 – schizophrenia .......................................................................................................... 148
Diagnosis ..................................................................................................................................... 148
Genetics ...................................................................................................................................... 149
The neurodevelopmental hypothesis ......................................................................................... 151
Treatments .................................................................................................................................. 152
Module 14.3 – in closing ............................................................................................................. 155
The troubled mind – psychological disorders ................................................................................. 156
What does it mean to have a psychological disorder ................................................................. 157
How are psychological disorders diagnosed? ............................................................................. 158
What do the psychological perspectives tell us about disorders? ............................................. 159
2
, Which disorders emerge in childhood? ...................................................................................... 159
Summary 14.1 – neurodevelopmental disorders ....................................................................... 163
What is an anxiety disorder? ...................................................................................................... 163
OCD and related disorders .......................................................................................................... 167
What are dissociative disorders? ................................................................................................ 168
What are somatic symptom disorder and related disorders? .................................................... 168
What are personality disorders?................................................................................................. 168
Psychology as a hub of science – the dark side of leadership .................................................... 169
Interpersonal relationships – the clinical perspective ................................................................ 170
Psychology takes on real-word problems – is cyberbullying related to psychological disorders?
.................................................................................................................................................... 170
Summary 14.3 – anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic
disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ................................................................... 170
Key terms .................................................................................................................................... 171
Hoorcollege – 18-10-2022................................................................................................................... 173
Hoofdstuk 16 ....................................................................................................................................... 197
The healthy mind – stress and coping, health psychology, and positive psychology ..................... 197
What is stress? ............................................................................................................................ 197
What are the biological and social correlates of stress? ............................................................ 200
Stress and the amygdala ............................................................................................................. 200
How does stress affect our health? ............................................................................................ 203
Summary 16.1 – stages in Hans Selye’s general adaptation syndrome...................................... 205
What is the relationship between psychology and health? ....................................................... 205
Summary 16.2 – five domains of health behaviour .................................................................... 211
Voorschouw stress .............................................................................................................................. 213
Hoorcollege – 24-20-2022................................................................................................................... 218
Werkgroep – 24-10-2022 .................................................................................................................... 236
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