Eigentijdse geschiedenis
1
,Inhoud
Week 1: Koude oorlog in globale context 1945-1991.............................................................................3
Hoorcollege 1.....................................................................................................................................3
Werkcollege 1.....................................................................................................................................6
Literatuur hoofdstuk 1: The Cold War in Global Context 1945-1991..................................................9
Week 2: ‘End of empire’ en het probleem van neokolonialisme..........................................................12
Hoorcollege......................................................................................................................................12
Werkcollege......................................................................................................................................15
Literatuur hoofdstuk 2: The end of empire and the problem of Neocolonialism.............................18
Week 3: ‘A new world order’ 1991-2020..............................................................................................21
Hoorcollege......................................................................................................................................21
Werkcollege......................................................................................................................................26
Literatuur hoofdstuk 3: An elusive new world order 1991-2020......................................................29
Week 4: Vervagende landsgrenzen: ontwikkeling en globale cultuur..................................................33
Hoorcollege......................................................................................................................................33
Werkcollege......................................................................................................................................36
Literatuur hoofdstuk 4: When borders don’t matter: Development and global culture...................38
Week 5: Sterker wordende landsgrenzen: internationale migratie en identiteit.................................41
Hoorcollege......................................................................................................................................41
Werkcollege......................................................................................................................................46
Literatuur hoofdstuk 5: When borders do matter: international migration and identity.................48
Week 6: Wetenschap, technologie en milieu.......................................................................................51
Hoorcollege......................................................................................................................................51
Werkcollege......................................................................................................................................55
Literatuur hoofdstuk 6: science, technology and the environment..................................................57
Week 7: Religie, rechten, en burgermaatschappij................................................................................60
Hoorcollege......................................................................................................................................60
Werkcollege......................................................................................................................................65
Literatuur hoofdstuk 7: religion, rights and civil society...................................................................67
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,Week 1: Koude oorlog in globale context 1945-1991
Hoorcollege 1
Book Spellman:
Part 1: Capitalism vs communism, ideological blocks
Part 2: Globalisation vs no globalisation, identity politics
Outline:
- Contemporary history
- Containment
- McCarthyism
- Sovietisation
- Barraclough revisited
Contemporary history defined by Barraclough:
- Invented by Geoffrey Barraclough (1908-1984)
- New area of history from the 1960s, a period of re-adjustment
- A period of new dimensions in which nuclear power was prominent
- Nagasaki 9 august 1945
- Requires new perspectives and values
- The world is integrated, which never has been the case before
- He was trying to transcend the European perspective
- Fundamental changes in contemporary history:
o From European to international
o Emergence US and Soviet Union as superpowers
o Breaking down imperialism and colonialism, loss of European hegemony
o Resurgence of Asia/Africa
o Shift Atlantic to pacific
o Interaction social movements
o Re-adjustment relations white/coloured people
o Communism as example: a new age, good direction
o Individualism to mass politics, liberalism outdated
o Nuclear revolution
- Does not mention climate change
- He was stuck between the old and new
- Contemporary history covers a short period of time, but covers many broad themes
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, Containment:
- Atlantic Charter 1941: US and UK treaty, basis of UN charter
o no territorial aggrandizement, no territorial changes made against the wishes of the
people (self-determination), restoration of self-government to those deprived of it
- Borders created during war were recreated
- Self-determination of countries, consequences for imperialism/colonialism
- Free world trade
- Demilitarisation of aggressor states: Japan & Germany
- Collective safety and security
- Soviet forces did not withdraw from Eastern Europe, Soviet new occupants and replaced
German occupation. Soviet created new borders and occupied Eastern Europe
- Postwar partition of Europe
o Western perspective: Soviet power was increasing and there was lack of action in
preventing this. How to balance this new sphere of influence?
- George F. Kennan & term Containment
o Long Telegram 1946, X-article 1947
o He worked as diplomat in Moscow and Prague
o He explained Soviet behaviour and gave policy advice, and tried to take away
prejudices about the Soviet Union
o Feared that US would return to isolation policy, and tried to show that cooperation
with Stalin would not work.
o A strong and consistent policy of containment was needed
o Soviet Union was seen as autocratic and military and Soviets tried to expand
territory. However, political system was weak, and this is where the West would
excel
- Truman doctrine 1947:
o Increase of interest in the West of communism, because it was seen as counter
ideology of Nazism and Fascism
o Economic and military support that were of strategic importance (Greece & Turkey)
o Economic recovery of Europe and Japan (Marshall-plan)
o Truman doctrine contained more militarism than Kennan wanted
- NATO 1949
- Warsaw-pact 1955
- Nuclear arms race intensified
- Tom Lehrer: songs about political topics
McCarthyism
- Things seemed to go ‘terribly wrong’ between 1948 and 1950
- Communist rise, US started to lose its position of power
- US felt the need to explain this communist advance
- Joe McCarthy from US: 1950-1954
o True populist, stirred up the pot
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