Customer premises - Connected to the network through distribution taps spliced into the coaxial cable.
Branches in the architecture - The downstream signal is distributed within nearby neighborhoods using 0.412-inch to 0.625-inch diameter coaxial cable, splitters, and directional couplers.
...
customer premises connected to the network through distribution taps spliced into the coaxial cable branches in the architecture the downstream signal is distributed within nearby neighborho
Progression: Maintenance Tech I - II
Conventional Study Guide
Customer premises - ✔ Connected to the network through distribution taps spliced into
the coaxial cable.
Branches in the architecture - ✔ The downstream signal is distributed within nearby
neighborhoods using 0.412-inch to 0.625-inch diameter coaxial cable, splitters, and
directional couplers.
Bridger amplifier - ✔ A portion of the downstream signal is boosted before being split
and routed to as many as four separate coaxial cables—the branches in the
architecture.
Trunk amplifiers - ✔ Several are typically cascaded in series to maintain channel
amplitude at useable levels at customer premises farthest from the headend.
CableLabs estimates 40% of American households can be reached by an HFC network.
- ✔ False.
CableLabs estimates 90% of American households can be reached by an HFC network.
An advantage an HFC network offers over passive optical network (PON) architectures
and the wireless access of 5G networks is PONs are costly to build and 5G networks
are bandwidth limited. - ✔ True.
DOCSIS 4.0 offers Full Duplex DOCSIS (FDX) and Extended Spectrum DOCSIS (ESD)
to help HFC networks compete with passive optical network (PON) - ✔ True
What type of network architecture design did the original broadband cable networks use
to transport television and audio signals to customer premises? - ✔ Originally,
broadband cable networks were designed using copper/aluminum coaxial cable in a
tree-and-branch architecture to transport television and audio signals to customer
premises.
In a hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) network, what term defines the maximum number of
cascaded amplifiers in a network design? - ✔ The Node +N term defines the maximum
number of cascaded amplifiers in a network design. For example, a network designed
for a maximum of six cascaded amplifiers is called a Node +6 network, for one fiber
node plus six amplifiers.
What features of other network architectures appear to be major advantages over the
hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) network architecture? - ✔ The seemingly infinite bandwidth of
passive optical networks (PON) and the wireless accessibility of 5G networks appear to
be major advantages over the HFC network architecture.
,Why are network design maps drawn with symbols that represent each of the network
elements connected by the various types of cable? - ✔ Because using replicas of the
actual broadband cable elements on network design maps is inefficient. Network design
maps are drawn with symbols that represent each of the network elements connected
by the various types of cable.
In hardline coaxial cable for underground installations, what is the purpose for the
flooding compound between the jacket and the sheath? - ✔ In hardline coaxial cable for
underground installations, the flooding compound seals the cable against corrosive
elements in case the jacket is damaged.
In the hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) network, what function do splitters and directional
couplers in the return path serve? - ✔ In the HFC network return path, splitters and
directional couplers combine return signals that originate and arrive from separate
distribution runs.
What do the values indicated on the tap face plate by a sticker or number stamped into
the housing of an RF distribution tap indicate? - ✔ RF distribution tap values indicated
on the tap face plate by a sticker or number stamped into the housing is the signal loss
(in dB) between the downstream tap input port and the tap (drop) ports
What is an amplifier station? - ✔ The collective amplifier housing and all internal
modules.
What is the distinction between a line extender amplifier and a distribution amplifier? - ✔
In the coaxial cable portion of the HFC network, typically there are distribution amplifiers
that have multiple downstream outputs and line extenders with one downstream output.
What are the three main components of a typical standby power supply? - ✔ The
typical standby power supply has three main elements, 1) a ferroresonant transformer
that transforms the utility 115 VAC to the 60 or 90 VAC output voltage, 2) a set of
batteries acting as a backup power source, and 3) an AC inverter that converts the DC
battery backup power to a 60 or 90 VAC output
In an HFC network, what is the area defined as power realm? - ✔ The physical area
defined by cable resistance, combined amplifier load requirements, individual amplifier
voltage minimums, and limits on total AC current.
What is the source of energy in a standby power supply if the electricity from the local
utility is temporarily out of service? - ✔ Batteries within the standy power supplies.
DMM - ✔ Measures AC and DC voltages, resistance for continuity checks, and current.
,TDR - ✔ Calculates and displays the distance to the cable faults based on the time
difference between the sent and reflected pulses along with the characteristics of the
cable.
Leakage detector - ✔ Discovers, then measures, broadband cable signals leaking from
the network.
SLM - ✔ Measures analog TV channels, and can quickly measure digital channel
parameters and identify network impairments.
The six-step troubleshooting process - ✔ 1.Identifying the problem
2.Analyzing the Situation
3.Isolating the Elements
4.Diagnosing the Symptoms
5.Resolving the Problem
6.Verifying the Solution
What signal level meter (SLM) function can measure digital channel parameters and
identify network impairments? - ✔ The digital signal analyzer function can quickly
measure digital channel parameters and identify network impairments.
What is the biggest difference between troubleshooting an issue in the customer drop
and the hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) network? - ✔ The biggest difference between
troubleshooting an issue in the customer drop and the HFC network is the number of
customers affected and distances between signal status checks.
What is an effective preventive maintenance practice that is also required by regulating
authorities? - ✔ Signal leakage monitoring and repair is an extremely effective
preventive maintenance practice that is also required by regulating authorities
In the tree-and-branch architecture, how is the downstream signal from the trunk fed to
the distribution branches? - ✔ Within each trunk amplifier, a portion of the downstream
is fed to a bridger amplifier to boost the signal before being split and routed to the
distribution branches.
What is a common solution when congestion from modem activity and traffic becomes
unacceptable in a hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) network? - ✔ Node splitting, the subdividing
of serving areas into two or more smaller serving areas.
What technologies are defined in DOCSIS 4.0 to help sustain the hybrid fiber/coax
(HFC) network infrastructure for several more years? - ✔ Full Duplex DOCSIS (FDX)
and Extended Spectrum DOCSIS (ESD).
How can a less-experienced technician identify what non-standard symbols on the
network design maps represent? - ✔ The legend at the bottom of the network design
map that defines the map symbols, cable types, and amplifier data.
, What is the RF distribution tap value indicated on the tap face plate by a sticker or
number stamped into the housing? - ✔ The signal loss between the tap downstream
input port and the tap ports.
How can a distribution amplifier be identified in the network or on a network design
map? - ✔ The distribution amplifier has multiple downstream outputs.
What is spliced into the hardline coaxial cable to combine the AC power with the
transported RF signal in a hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) network? - ✔ A power inserter.
What test instrument sends out a test signal and displays any reflections caused by
impedance mismatches in the cable that are characteristic of cable faults? - ✔ Time
domain reflectometer (TDR)
What should you be looking for when analyzing the network design maps to
troubleshoot a problem? - ✔ The device common to those customers affected before
traveling to make signal status checks.
What is required for checking the physical network integrity when maintaining the
coaxial cable network? - ✔ Being observant and performing some minor tasks while
engaged in regularly scheduled activities.
Egress - ✔ Signals that escape or leak from a closed communications system, such as
from a cable network, potentially causing interference with other communications
systems. Synonymous with leakage.
Cumulative Leakage Index (CLI) - ✔ A calculation of the relative amount of signal
leakage in a broadband cable network that is provided annually as a numerical score to
the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that represents a cable system's
signal leakage prevention.
Long-term evolution (LTE) - ✔ A fourth generation (4G) wireless broadband technology
based on Internet protocol (IP) enabling Internet access via cellular devices at potential
data rates that exceed 100 Mbps downstream and 30 Mbps upstream.
Ingress - ✔ Unwanted signals entering a broadband cable network that cause
interference to desired signals, often as a result of poor shielding or faulty connections.
Microvolts per meter (µV/m) - ✔ A measurement of a signal leak's power or intensity as
gauged over a certain distance; abbreviated µV/m.
Dipole antenna - ✔ An antenna that consists of an electrical conductor that is split at
the center with an insulator so that each conductor can be accessed to transmit or
receive a signal.
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