100% tevredenheidsgarantie Direct beschikbaar na je betaling Lees online óf als PDF Geen vaste maandelijkse kosten
logo-home
Eerder door jou gezocht
Eerder door jou gezocht
logo
Summary of the lectures, literature and reading question of the course 'Key challenges in a welfare state' €7,98
In winkelwagen
Snel navigeren naar
Voorbeeld
  2.  
  3. Universiteit Utrecht (UU)
  4.  
  5. Key Challenges To The Welfare State

Samenvatting

Summary of the lectures, literature and reading question of the course 'Key challenges in a welfare state'

1 beoordeling
 30 keer verkocht

Summary of the lectures, literature and reading question of the course 'Key challenges in a welfare state'. This summary is based on the course content of the year 2022/2023.

Voorbeeld 4 van de 48  pagina's

Document informatie

  • 28 april 2023
  • 48
  • 2022/2023
  • Samenvatting

Onderwerpen

Geschreven voor

Alle documenten voor dit vak (7)

1  beoordeling

review-writer-avatar

Door: lottevandermarel • 11 maanden geleden

Verkoper

avatar-seller
thaneet2001

Ontvangen beoordelingen

Voorbeeld van de inhoud

Lecture 1: introduction
What is a welfare state?
- One of the most powerful institutions of the 20th century and beyond
- The result of a long historical development

This course is about western welfare states (Europe, Northern Amerika, Australia and New Zealand)

Different definitions of a welfare state (not complete):
Van Doorn (1978):
“The welfare state embodies the formulation of a social guarantee: society, organized as a nation state,
guarantees all citizens a reasonable standard of living.”

Wilensky (1975):
“The essence of the welfare state is government protected minimum standards of income, nutrition,
health, housing, and education assured to every citizen as a political right, not as charity."

Thoenes (1962):
“The welfare state is a society type, which is characterized by a democratic system of government care,
which guarantees the collective social welfare of its subjects, while the capitalist production system
remains largely unaltered.”

Components of a welfare state:
1. Social security:
- Unemployment, sickness and disability benefits
- Pensions
- Maternity and parental leave
- Social assistance
- Etc.

2. Health care
- Collective health insurance
- Funding of hospitals, rehabilitation centres
- Etc.

3. Education:
- Funding of schools, universities
- Student grants
- Compulsory education laws
- Etc.

4. Social housing
- Funding of/subsidies for affordable homes
- Property regulations
- Etc.

5. Social welfare:
- Elderly people’s homes
- Community centres
- Debt assistance
- Shelters for homeless people
- Etc.




1

, 6. Etc. etc.?
- Mortgage deduction (“the middle classes’ welfare state”)?
- Tax cuts?
- Etc.

The origins of the welfare state
Social change: three drivers:
- Industrialization:
 From agriculture to industry
 Migration and urbanisation
- Individualisation:
 Disintegration of traditional communities
 Quest for individual rights
- Rise of the nation/national state:
 Bureaucracy and control
 Quest for national unity

Bismarck’s start (Germany, 1880s):
- First social insurance acts in history
- Protection of blue-collar workers

1900-1940: other countries follow

After World War II: further expansion:
- More categories of populations covered (non-workers, women etc.)
- Schemes become more generous

The Golden Age of the welfare state (1950s-1970s)

Gøsta Esping Andersen:
- The three worlds of welfare capitalism (1990)
- Institutional differences between welfare states:
 Who is entitled to what and when? (= “eligibility”)
 Generosity: benefit levels
 Immunization from market dependency (“decommodification”)
- Three welfare state regime types:
 Liberal welfare state
 Conservative welfare state
 Social democratic welfare state

Types of welfare states
Conservative welfare state
- Mainly (male) breadwinners covered
- Generosity: rather high
- Decommodification: medium
- Examples:
 Germany
 France
 Austria




Social democratic welfare state

2

, - All citizens covered
- Generosity: high
- Decommodification: high
- Examples:
 Sweden
 Norway
 Denmark

Liberal welfare state
- All citizens covered (but means-tested)
- Generosity: low
- Decommodification: low
- Examples:
 UK
 Ireland
 USA
 Australia

The Netherlands: quite a mix, hybrid

The welfare state and social change
This course: about the interrelationship between the welfare state and social change:
- Then: the origins of the welfare state
- Now: welfare state change

The welfare state after the golden age
The crisis of the welfare state (1975 –present?)
- Economic crisis of the 1970s and 1980s
- The rise of neo-liberalism

Welfare state reform:
- 1980s and early 1990s:
 Spending cuts
 Restriction of access
- Late 1990s and 2000s:
 New organizational structures
 New policy types: activation, socialization, etc.

This course: five processes of social change
1. Post-industrialization:
- Services, flexibilization and life-long-learning
- The end of the steady job?

2. (Hyper-)individualization:
- Welfare state and individual choice
- Activation and participation

3. Gender:
- Labour market participation of women
- De-familialization



4. Ageing

3

, - Population ageing and “de-greening”
- Rising health care costs and labour shortages

5. Migration
- Migrants, citizens and entitlement
- Immigration and integration: a new welfare state “field”

Literature lecture 1:
De Swaan - The beginnings of social security (1988)
It is difficult to grasp the full scope of administrative innovation embodied in the insurance institutions of
the Kaiser's Germany. lts principles have remained the guidelines of compulsory national insurance ever
since and showed themselves quite compatible with the subsequent extension to new groups of the
population and new fields of coverage in Germany and elsewhere.

British national insurance began as a government initiative with labor support, bypassing employers as
much as possible. lt soon grew into a tripartite enterprise, as large-scale employers were persuaded to
support legislation. Unemployment insurance had been the most ambitious initiative, but in later years its
financial base proved incapable of supporting the burdens of mass unemployment: it turned into a
massive open-ended relief system. However, the groundwork for social security had been laid and its
shortcomings did not turn opinion against it, but rather served as an added argument for the more
extensive and centralized system which was to be established after 1945.

France was as slow as the United States in welfare legislation, and in the case of France the explanation
must be sought in the relative strength of the small property owners, especially in their politica! strength.
The timing of welfare Legislation must be explained in connection with the erosion of their politica) power
base. In France the unions certainly were not weak, as in Germany and the United States, hut on the issue
of social security they were badly divided. In France, as in Germany, large-scale employers were in a
strong position, but they were allied less closely to the regime than their German colleagues had been in
Bismarck's time and clung more to an alliance with the small entrepreneurs. France was a welfare laggard
because of the strength of its petty bourgeoisie, the United States lagged behind on account of the weak
organization of the centra! - i.e. federal - state and the weak position of the labour unions.

United states: The figuration of states, each with limited politica! autonomy, competing with one another
around a federal government within one national economy, added its particular dynamics. It delayed the
advent of soda! legislation. But once economie depression and political upheaval had shifted the balance
and social security had become a fact, the position of the federal government was strengthened at the
expense of the individual states. In this manner, developments contributed, as they did elsewhere, to the
process of state formation.

The net effect of this development in the Netherlands has been a marked decrease in the proportion of
privately owned wealth in total wealth and a corresponding rise in the share of transfer capital. Not
counting transfer property (which is not included in statistics), private wealth has been distributed a linie
more evenly, but much less so than income. Similar developments have occurred in other advanced
capitalist democracies. 194 The increasingly egalitarian distribution of income is due in great part to
transfers, and it has been argued that total transfer income varies inversely with total income from capital
(rents and profits). The two forms of 'institutional income' together remain constant in proportion to
labor income. 195 This finding suggests that transfer capita is in fact formed directly at the expense of
private capita and that the worst fears of an earlier generation of property owners have come true,
although many of its sons and daughters are among the first beneficiaries.

The initial introduction of nationwide social security constituted the most incisive spurt within the
collectivizing process in the past century and a new phase in the process · of state formation. For the first
time, a considerable part of the population, which was to increase without interruption from then on, was
brought under a single compulsory and collective scheme to protect it from the adversities of working life.

4

Dit zijn jouw voordelen als je samenvattingen koopt bij Stuvia:

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Studenten hebben al meer dan 850.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet jij zeker dat je de beste keuze maakt!

In een paar klikken geregeld

In een paar klikken geregeld

Geen gedoe — betaal gewoon eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of je Stuvia-tegoed en je bent klaar. Geen abonnement nodig.

Direct to-the-point

Direct to-the-point

Studenten maken samenvattingen voor studenten. Dat betekent: actuele inhoud waar jij écht wat aan hebt. Geen overbodige details!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper thaneet2001. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €7,98. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 64302 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 15 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Begin nu gratis

Laatst bekeken door jou

Tentamen (uitwerkingen) ·

(0)

MBA - 706 Darrat (Exam 1) | Comprehensive Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 With 100% Verified Solutions

Tentamen (uitwerkingen) ·

(1)

TEST BANK For ECGs Made Easy, 7th Edition by Barbara J Aehlert, All Chapters 1 - 10, Complete Newest Version

Tentamen (uitwerkingen) ·

(0)

CREST CPSA EXAM 2024/LATEST UPDATE ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS/100% CORRECT AND VERIFIED

Tentamen (uitwerkingen) ·

(0)

Test Bank for Clayton's Basic Pharmacology for Nurses 19th Edition Willihnganz and Clayton ; ISBN: 9780323796309.

Tentamen (uitwerkingen) ·

(0)

CSET SPANISH SUBTEST 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+) 100% CORRECT | UPDATED 2024

Tentamen (uitwerkingen) ·

(0)

WGU C724 Information Systems Management PRE-Test Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024, 100% Verified

Tentamen (uitwerkingen) ·

(0)

WGU C787 OA NUTRITION LATEST 2023-2024 EXAM TESTBANK 250 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS(VERIFIED ANSWERS)AGRADE

Tentamen (uitwerkingen) ·

(0)

Child Development, 9th Edition TEST BANK by Laura E. Berk, Verified Chapters 1 - 15, Complete Newest Version

Tentamen (uitwerkingen) ·

(0)

CNA final and state exam (Kansas) Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update 2024| Already Passed
€7,98  30x  verkocht
  • (1)
In winkelwagen
Toegevoegd