CCMA NHA Complete Test 2023.
Afebrile - ANSWER Absence of fever
Chief Complaint - ANSWER The reason why the patient came to see the physician
Percussion - ANSWER This involves tapping or striking the body, usually with fingers or
a small hammer to determine the position, size and density go the underlying organ or
tissue
Endocardium - ANSWER The endocardium is the inner layer of the heart. It consists of
epithelial tissue and connective tissue.
Function: Lines the inner cavities of the heart, covers heart valves and is continuous
with the inner lining of blood vessels.
Purkinje fibers are located in the endocardium. They participate in the contraction of the
heart muscle.
Stroke Volume (Preload) - ANSWER The blood volume ejected outside the ventricle
after each contraction. ~ The volume of the blood returning to the heart. ~ The force of
the myocardium contraction
Ventricular Repolarization - ANSWER The T Wave. ~ The first wave produced after the
QRS Complex. Has the following characteristics: The deflection produced by the
ventricular repolarization. It is slighty asymmetric. No more than 5 mm in height.
Hematoma - ANSWER A localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, usually
in liquid form within the tissue. An ecchymosis, commonly called a bruise, is a
hematoma of the skin larger than 10mm.
(acronym.) BeCause Better Specimens, Y'all, Generate Perfect Goals - ANSWER Order
of draw (per NHA): Blood Cultures, Blue (light), Serum (red), Yellow, Green, Purple
(Lavender), Gray
Gram Stain - ANSWER A method of differentiating bacterial species into two large
groups (gram-positive and gram-negative). Gram staining differentiates bacteria by the
chemical and physical properties of their cell walls by detecting peptidoglycan, which is
present in a thick layer in gram-positive bacteria. The Gram stain is almost always the
first step in the identification of a bacterial organism.
Axillary - ANSWER Under the arm (armpit)
Throat culture - ANSWER A laboratory diagnostic test to find a bacterial or fungal
infection in the throat. Sampling is performed by throat swab, and the sample is put in a
special cup (culture) that allows infections to grow. If an infection grows, the culture is
,positive. The type of infection is found using a microscope, chemical tests, or both. If no
infection grows, the culture is negative.
Tort - ANSWER A tort, in common law jurisdictions, is a civil wrong[1] which unfairly
causes someone else to suffer loss or harm resulting in legal liability for the person :
Battery, Invasion of privacy, defamation of character
Artifact - ANSWER Unwanted interference or jitter on the EKG recording. This makes
the EKG reading difficult or impossible, as well as can lead to a misdiagnosis.
AV (atriventricular) Valves - ANSWER Located between the atria and ventricles. AV
cusped valves characteristics are: They have tough fibrous rings, long and strong
leaflets (cuspids), They are accessory organs (like papillary muscles and chordae
tendinae)
Standard Precautions - ANSWER Standard Precautions are the minimum infection
prevention practices that apply to all patient care, regardless of suspected or confirmed
infection status of the patient, in any setting where healthcare is delivered. Standard
Precautions include: 1) hand hygiene, 2) use of personal protective equipment (e.g.,
gloves, gowns, masks), 3) safe injection practices, 4) safe handling of potentially
contaminated equipment or surfaces in the patient environment, and 5) respiratory
hygiene/cough etiquette.
Parasympathetic (Vagus Nerve) - ANSWER Generally has an inhibitory effect via the
neurotransmitter Acetylcholine which may cause the following to happen:
*Slows down pacemaker and HR
*Slows the conduction of electricity in AV node
*Decreases the strength of atrial and ventricular contraction.
Infection Control/ Chain of Infection - ANSWER This consists of links, each of which is
necessary for the infectious disease to spread. Infection control is based on the fact that
the transmission of infectious diseases will be prevented or stopped when any level in
the chain is broken or interrupted.
AGENT ------- MODE OF TRANSMISSION --------- SUSCEPTIBLE HOST ----------
PORTAL OF EXIT -------- PORTAL OF ENTRY
Medical Asepsis - ANSWER Involves procedures and practices that reduce the number
and transfer of pathogens. For example, performing hand hygiene and wearing gloves,
nothing on floor, clean from least soiled to most soiled.
Urinary Bacteria - ANSWER Enteric gram-negative bacteria that are always nitrite
positive can convert urinary nitrate to nitrite. A positive nitrite test is an indication that a
significant number of bacteria are present in the urine.
,PKU - ANSWER This test is ordered for infants to detect phenylketonuria, a genetic
disease that causes mental retardation and brain damage. Test is done on blood from
newborn's heel or in urine.
Accessioning Order - ANSWER Each request for blood withdrawl must include
accessioning order, number for paper work, and supplies and patients identification.
The blood request forms should include the following:
Patient's name and age from ID plate or wristband, Identification number, date & time
the specimen is obtained, name or initials of person who obtains specimen,
accessioning number, Physician's name, department for which which work is being
done, other useful info (special comments, unusual sampling site, drawn near Iv site...)
Cold agglutinins - ANSWER antibodies produced in response to atypical pneumonia,
must be kept at 37 C.
History of Present Illness (HPI) - ANSWER description of current problem, includes
location, quality, severity, duration, timing, context, modifying factors, and associated
signs and symptoms.
Vital Signs - ANSWER Reflect the functions of three body processes necessary for life.
Determinations that provide information about body conditions; include temperature,
pulse, respirations, and blood pressure.
Disinfection - ANSWER A procedure used in medical asepsis using various chemicals
that can be used to destroy many pathogenic microorganisms.
Barrier Protection - ANSWER Refers to placing a physical barrier between the patients
body fluids (such as blood and saliva) and the healthcare personnel (HCP) to prevent
disease transmision.
Febrile - ANSWER relating to a fever.
U Wave - ANSWER Deflection seen following the T wave but preceding the next P
wave. Represents the repolarization of the Purkinje Fibers. Round and symmetric less
than 1.5 mm in height. A prominent U Wave is due to hypokalemia (low potassium,
blood level.)
Purkinje Fibers - ANSWER fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and
left ventricles, causing them to contract.
Hypokalemia - ANSWER A condition in which an inadequate amount of potassium, the
major intracellular cation, is found in the circulatory bloodstream.
Ventricular Fibrillation - ANSWER A condition in which the heart's electrical impulses
are disorganized, preventing the heart muscle from contracting normally. It is produced
, by multiple electrical sites firing electrical impulses at the same time, resulting in
quivering of the ventricles myocardial muscle fibers, but not a uniform contraction.
The rhythm is a chaotic deflection of different waves that vary in size, shape and
duration.
There are NO normal visible waves. There is no contraction, this is no blood ejected in
the blood vessels, so the blood can clot. This is a medical emergency which requires
defibrillation and CPR.
Holter monitor - ANSWER a portable electrocardiograph that is worn by an ambulatory
patient to continuously monitor the heart rates and rhythms over a 24-hour period.
Coagulation - ANSWER Blood clotting.
Prothrombin time - ANSWER PT; TEST TO DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT
TAKES TO ACTIVATE PROTHROMBIN IN ORDER FOR A CLOT TO FORM.
Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) - ANSWER A diagnostic study to measure arterial blood
gases to attain information needed and manage a patient's respiratory status.
Median Cubital Vein - ANSWER The large connecting branch that arises from the
cephalic vein below the elbow and passes obliquely upward over the cubital fossa to
join the basilic vein. FIRST CHOICE to use for Venipuncture.
Thrombocytes - ANSWER (platelets) small irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm,
essential for blood coagulation. LIFE SPAN: 9-12 days. AVERAGE #: 140K to 400K per
Microliter of blood.
Order of Draw - ANSWER Blood Cultures (yellow) / Sodium Citrate (light blue) / Serum
(red or tiger strip) / Heparin (green) / EDTA (lavendar) / Glucose (gray)
Basophils - ANSWER A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine. Account for 0%-
1% of WBCs in the blood.
Vascular Phase - ANSWER Hemostasis phase in which injury to a blood vessel causes
it to constrict the flow of blood (vasoconstriction).
Tourniquets - ANSWER Prevents the venous outflow of blood from the arm causing the
veins to buldge thereby making it easier to locate the veins. Most common used is latex
strip (Be sure to check for latex allergy!) Blood pressure cuffs may also be used as a
tourniquet (Cuff is inflated to a blood pressure above the diastolic but below the
systolic.)
PPE - ANSWER Personal Protective Equipment i.e. gloves, mask, safety glasses and
clinical attire (Anything that can be worn on the PERSON.)
