College aantekeningen
Aantekeningen HC intellectual disability
- Instelling
- Universiteit Utrecht (UU)
Aantekeningen HC intellectual disability
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Intellectual developmental disability= verstandelijke beperkingSome children have a disability because of a syndrome.
After a couples of weeks, the central nervous system is already developing. And that is the
period where neurobiological disorders develop.
The brain, skin and teeth are developing from the same tissue. That is why you often see
facial formatives (X- syndrome).
Intellectual disability is different from developmental disabilities.
Developmental disabilities (DD) = combination of severe intellectual and/or severe motor
disabilities.
Challenged = the behavior who show specific behavior problems who are described as
challenged. Its challenging for the environment of the people: self-injury, self-hitting.
Intellectual disabilities lead to more people diagnosing. Its sounds less stigmatizing instead of
mental retardation.
What is the overlap between ID and DD?
- Not all people with developmental disabilities have an intellectual disability.
- Developmental disabilities also include people with only physical disabilities
(cerebral palsy, spina bifida) that emerge during the developmental period.
Which terms are used in the Netherlands for intellectual disability?
Intellectual disability = verstandelijke beperking
Severe multiple or profound intellectual disability (functioning on a very low level)
o Ernstige meervoudige beperking
Developmental delay = ontwikkelingsachterstand
, What’s developmental delay?
Children who do not reach important developmental milestones at the same time as children
of the same age. Many of them will be diagnosed with an ID later, but not always. They are
too young for an intelligence test or professionals are not sure about the diagnose. Sometimes
the child will catch up.
What are neurodevelopmental disorders?
Impairments of the growth and development of the brain and/or central nervous system. A
disorder of brain function that affects emotion, learning ability, self-control and memory
which unfolds as an individual develops and grows.
What are neurodevelopmental disorders?
1. Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder
2. Developemental Language Disorders
3. Communication, speech, or language disorders
4. Intellectual disabilities
5. Neurogentic disorders (e.g., Fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome)
6. Austism Spectrum Disorders
7. Specific Learning Disorders (e.g., dyslexia and dyscalculia)
8. Motor Disorders (Developmental Coordination disorder)
9. Traumatic brain injury
10. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)
What is the definition of intellectual disability according to AAIDD?
Intellectual disability is characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and
in adaptive behaviour as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. This
disability develops during the developing period, which is officially defined as before the age
of 22. It’s because of the biologically maturation, it takes much longer to develop for the
brain. At 25 it will completely develop. The prefrontal cortex is the latest brain regions who
will develop (executive functions).
What are three criteria for the diagnosis intellectual disability according to AAIDD?
- Age criterion: before age 22 Intellectual disability is a disturbance in development
- Limitation in intellectual functioning: performance on an intelligence test is far below
the normal range, i.e. two standard deviations, about IQ=70)
- Limitation in adaptive skills: performance is at least two standard deviations below the
mean on standardized tests.
o Conceptual skills: language, reading, writing, number concepts
o Social skills: social responsibility, self-esteem, rule following, social problem
solving (coping)
o Practical skills: personal care of daily living, use of money, safety, health care,
occupational skills
How will people with an IQ between 55 and 85 and severe behavioral and/or adaptive
problems and who need professional support be diagnosed?
As a mild ID (licht verstandelijke beperking), when they also have limited adaptive skills.
International is an IQ between 55 and 70 an mild ID but in the Netherlands we think they
need support for there behavior because they have a lower intellectual disabilities they need
another form of support.
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