This is a complete summary of all required readings for the CBI exam. Additionally, access to online flashcards (Quizlet) is provided, covering all relevant exam material ( based on both the lectures and the readings). These can be used to memorize important theories, concepts and definitions for ...
Summary of all required readings for the CBI Exam
- Chapter 1 of the Wright, Basco, & Thase (2006/2017) book
- Chapter 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 13 & 14 of the O’Donohue & Fisher (2012) book
- Literature associated with lectures
- All chapters & articles ordered chronologically and thematically according to the lectures
Additionally: Access to Quizlet folder (online flashcards) covering all important exam topics
Chapter 13: Principles of Positive Psychology (O’Donohue & Fisher)................................................... 43
Chapter 14: Acceptance and CBT (O’Donohue & Fisher) ...................................................................... 48
Access to CBI Quizlet – Online Flashcards ............................................................................................. 52
1
,Chapter 1: Basic principles of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (Wright)
Central ideas
- Our cognitions have a controlling influence on our emotions and behaviour
- How we act or behave can strongly affect our thought patterns and emotions
- Aaron T. Beck was the first person to fully develop theories and methods for using CBT
interventions for emotional disorders
o Theories centered on the role of maladaptive information processing in depression
and anxiety disorders
o Depression = symptoms related to a negative thinking style in 3 domains
▪ Self – world – future = negative cognitive triad
The Cognitive Behavioural Model
- Cognitive processing = central role
- Vicious cycle of thoughts, emotions and
behaviour
- Complex interactions among biological processes,
environmental and interpersonal influences and
cognitive behavioural elements in the genesis and
treatment of psychiatric disorders
- Cognitive and behavioural changes are modulated
through biological processes and psychotropic
medications and other biological treatments
influence cognitions
- Combined treatment with CBT and medication
can improve efficacy, especially for severe
conditions such as treatment resistant depression,
schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (benzos may
impair the effectiveness of CBT)
Basic Concepts
Levels of cognitive processing (3 levels identified by Beck and colleagues)
- Consciousness = highest level = state of awareness in which decisions can be made on
rational basis, allows to
o Monitor and assess interactions with the environment
o Link past memories with present experiences
o Control and plan future actions
Therapist encourages the development and application of adaptive conscious thought
processes such as rational thinking and problem solving
- Therapist helps patients recognize and change pathological thinking at two levels of relatively
autonomous information processing.
o Automatic thoughts = cognitions that stream rapidly though our minds when we are
in the midst of situations or recalling events → we are subliminally aware of these
thoughts but we do not rationally analyse them
o Schemas = core beliefs that act as templates or underlying rules for information
processing → they serve information to screen, filter, code and assign meaning to
information from the environment
2
, - CBT emphasizes techniques designed to help patients detect and modify their inner
thoughts, especially those associated with emotional symptoms such as depression etc. →
encourages to think about thinking to reach the goal of bringing autonomous cognitions into
conscious awareness and control.
Automatic thoughts
- a large number of the thoughts that we have each day are part of a stream of cognitive
processing that is just below the surface of the fully conscious mind
- these thoughts are typically private and occur in a rapid fire manner as we evaluate the
significance of events in our lives
- they are preconscious→ can be recognized and understood if our attention is drawn to them
- people with disorders often have floods of automatic thoughts that are maladaptive or
distorted and can generate painful emotional reactions and dysfunctional behaviour
- one of the most important clues that automatic thoughts might be occurring is the presence
of strong emotions
- people with disorders have a high frequency of distorted automatic thoughts
o in depression they center around hopelessness, low self esteem and failure
o in anxiety they center about danger, harm, uncontrollability, inability to manage
threats
Cognitive errors
- there are characteristic errors in logic in the automatic thoughts
- Goal of therapy is to teach patients to recognize that they are making cognitive errors, not to
identify each and every error in logic that is occurring
- 6 main categories of cognitive errors → these categories often overlap
o Selective abstraction
o Arbitrary inference
o Overgeneralization
o Magnification
o Minimization
o Personalization
o Absolutistic (dichotomous or all or nothing thinking)
3
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