Good summary concerning the relevant aspects of Tort Law. Explanation of the main issues of Tort Law and liability. Well structured and concise summary.Adequate for exam preparation!
Concerns the conditions under which someone who has suffered damage can
claim compensation
Contractual liability
o Deals with liability within a contractual relationship;
Tort Liability
o Extra-contractual liability
Justice
o Corrective
o Distributive
Fault liability
o The damage must be borne by the person who suffered it in the first
place
o EXCEPTIONS
When the person who caused the damage acted negligently or
intentionally
Strict Liability
o The damage was not caused by anyone in particular
Or
o Is not the result of a negligent act
o There is liability but this is not based on someone’s fault
Mechanisms for the distribution of Damage
o The damage can be shifted from the person who suffered it to someone
else
o The damage can be shifted to the society as whole because:
The damage is too big to be borne by one person
The damage is responsibility of a larger number of people
II. TORT LAW
There must have been a damage
, There might be a reason for the person who suffered the damage to be
compensated
THE COMMON LAW OF TORTS
o Rules for different kinds of torts
o “Law of torts”
o The most important and comprehensive is the tort of negligence
CIVIL LAW
o There are more torts based on case law than in legislation
o Few rules have been interpreted differently in different kinds of
wrongful acts
o “Tort Law”
III. TWO KINDS OF JUSTICE
Corrective Justice( retributive or compensatory justice)
o Rectifying something that has been done wrong
o There must have been a wrongful act and that act must be caused by
someone so he/she can be held liable for damages
o The person who suffered the damage must be brought to the same
position she/he was before the damage occurred
o The liability of a person depends upon the wrongfulness of the act
Distributive Justice
o Distribution of the damage over a group of people
o The compensation aims to restore the distribution that existed before
the damage
o Not used to restore the status quo of someone
IV. FAULT LIABILITY
Exists when a person is liable for the damage caused to another because the
former wrongfully caused the damage of the latter
THE COMMON LAW APPROACH
o TORT OF NEGLIGENCE
o CONDITIONS:
1. THERE MUST HAVE BEEN A DUTY OF CARE
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