Samenvatting
Summary European Union Law - Exam Synthesis
- Instelling
- Universiteit Van Amsterdam (UvA)
Complete synthesis (lecture, reading and tutorial notes) of European Union Law.
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 45 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 45 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Verkoper
Volgen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
EUROPEAN UNION LAWPolitics, Psychology, Law and Economics
University of Amsterdam, 2021-2024
Jessica Qiu (13554123)
,1. Introduction to European Union Law
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
● 1951 European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) 01/07/1952 into force, until
01/07/2022
○ Sectoral integration: of Coal and Steel to prevent another war, decision-making
power retrieved from MS, and delegated to 👇
○ Supranational: High Authority
○ Composition: 6 Member States ⇒ France, Germany, Italy, Benelux
● 1954 European Defence Community & European Political Community
⇒ trying to integrate more sensitive areas (than only the economy) as well but failed
⚠️today’s cooperation in these fields is still intergovernmental
● 1957 European Economic Community (EEC) & European Atomic Energy Community
(EAEC, Euratom) 01/01/1958 into force
○ EEC: General (common market) + sectoral economic integration (fisheries, transport)
○ Euratom: peaceful cooperation in the field of nuclear economy
⇒ 3 European Communities: ESCS + EEC + Euratom
● 1965 Merger Treaty 01/07/1967 into force
○ Before: each of the Communities with their own commission and council →
turned into only one for all three communities
[1973: UK, Ireland and Denmark → 9MS] [1981: Greece → 10MS] [1985: Spain, Portugal → 12MS]
● 1986 Single European Act (SEA) 01/07/1987 into force
○ Amendment to EEC Treaty: no more internal borders and establish internal market
+ competences to EEC in environmental protection
○ European Political Cooperation: cooperation in foreign affairs in
intergovernmental manner → Council and EU Council with last decision making
power (reason why own space in SEA instead of integrated to EEC)
● 1992 Treaty of Maastricht abolishment of communities structure
○ Establishing European Union with 3 pillars: no communities anymore
■ First: European Community (EEC + ECSC + Euratom)
■ Second: Common Foreign and Security Policy [Title V TEU]
■ Third: Justice and Home Affairs (migration) [Title VI TEU]
○ New policy areas: Economic Monetary Union, Education and Culture → EEC
Treaty no longer as economic so becoming EC ⇒ EEC into EC Treaty
[1995: Austria, Finland, Sweden → 15MS]
` 2
, ● 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam
○ Amendments to EC treaty + new policy areas
○ Amendments to EU treaty:
■ Communitarisation of migration → issues to first pillar (policy and civil)
■ Third pillar: Police and Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters (PJCCM)
● 2001 Treaty of Nice
Preparation for Eastern enlargement ⇒ institutional changes (number of x)
[2004: Accession of 10 MS from Eastern Europe mostly → 25MS]
● 2004 Constitution for Europe
With constitutional terms such as flags, hymn, etc, but rejected in referenda France and NL
● 2007 Treaty of Lisbon 90% similar to Constitution but not asking referendum
○ New EU structure: abolishment of EC and three pillars structure
⇒ Founding treaties:
■ TEU: constitutional law, how to accede and leave EU, foreign policy
■ TFEU: substantive policy areas including third pillar, detailed rules on the
institutions [successor of EC Treaty]
■ Charter: same legal value as the TEU and TFEU, primary law [Art 6 TEU]
■ Euratom (+ Protocols)
[2007: Bulgaria, Romania → 27MS] [2013: Croatia → 28MS] [2020: Brexit → 27MS]
INSTITUTIONS
[Art 13 TEU: organs within the EU, 7 official ones (EP, EU Council, Council, Commission, CJEU,
Central Bank and Court of Auditors)]
Composition Tasks/Competences Voting
European Council [Art 15 TEU]
Heads of state/government Setting general political Consensus unless treaty
President direction and priorities of EU provides otherwise
Commission President → no decision-making power!
≠ Council of Europe: independent intergovernmental with more members (47), HR + culture
Council of Ministers [Art 16 TEU] - Federal chamber
27 representatives of gov Legislator with EP QMV in ordinary legislative
10 configurations with policy Budgetary powers with EP procedure except when treaty
Policy making decides otherwise: legal bases
Coordinating among Council Unanimity1 or simple majority2
= intergovernmental institution: representing national interests
1 Art 113 TFEU: harmonisation of indirect taxes // Art 352 TFEU: unforeseen cases
2 Art 240(3) TFEU: rules of procedure
` 3
, QMV = at least 55% (number of MS) representing 65% of the population (to make sure that big and
small states represented)
COREPER: committee to support the permanent representatives
- Coreper I: meeting of the ambassadors, prepares most political questions
- Corepert II: meeting of their deputies, most technical questions
European Commission [Art 17 TEU] - Executive branch
One commissioner / MS for 5 Exclusive right of initiative Simple majority of members
years → 2/3 rule since Lisbon Non-legislative acts (delegated [Art 250 TFEU]
and implementing acts)
but still 1C/MS3 Supervisory - Guardian of the
1 year and independent [17(3)] Treaties (cartel prohibition, MS
infringements, etc.)
Negotiate EU int treaties
Nomination by EU Council and elected by Parliament
⇒ solely EU institution (not representatives of states), representing interests of the Union ⚠️
European Parliament [Art 14 TEU] - Legislative chamber
< 751 including President, Legislator with Council* Simple majority of votes cast
directly elected for 5 years Budgetary with Council unless provided otherwise
→ represent Union’s citizens Elect President and approve [Art. 231 TFEU]
Degressively proportional4 Commission as a body
(nominated by EU Council)
Supervisory [14(8)]
Supervision: political control and consultation (power to debate by asking reports to Commission
and EU Council, question to Commission and investigate by setting temporary Committees)
⇒ hold executive accountable: vote of no confidence for the entirety of the Commission [14(8)]
Most supranational institution (before with minimal powers but not anymore)
Court of Justice of the EU [Art 19 TEU]
27 judges, 11 AG’s Ensure correct interpretation Majority with secret voting
54 judges (2/MS) and application of EU law [(3)] >< ECtHR with dissenting
Structure: Court of Justice + General Court (Court of First Instance - private parties and EU inst) +
Specialised Courts (but abolished)
Categories of competences:
[direct actions]
- Dispute settlement (inst v inst, MS v MS, MS v inst, ind v inst)
[indirect actions]
- Preliminary rulings at request of national judges (ind v MS, ind v ind) [Art 267 TFEU ⚠]
- Other tasks → advisory opinions on draft agreements between EU and third countries [Art 218(11)
TFEU]
→ looking at the compatibility with EU law and the agreement, if negative opinion, cannot enter
● EU legislation structure:
○ Primary law: 5 main with legal bases, enables institutions to adopt other leg 👇
3 Balance of democratic and federal system: if directly proportional, then some MS without seats but this
system also makes smaller countries with more votes than larger ones.
4 Art 17(5): 2/3 composition but deviations possible with EU Council acting in unanimity → Ireland
proposed it and everyone agreed.
` 4
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper jessicafqiu. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €6,09. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 82191 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen