Samenvatting
Summary language technology in society (everything included)
This document involves summary of all the lectures, all the papers and all the seminars.
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Samenvatting Language technology and society(everything included, lectures, papers, and seminars)
TABLE of content
TABLE of content...........................................................................................................................1
Lecture 1........................................................................................3
Basic information..........................................................................................................................3
Fair warning – Abeba Birhane (paper week 1)................................4
Computers in society....................................................................................................................4
Value sensitive design and information systems – Friedman (paper
week 1)..........................................................................................4
Value sensitive design...................................................................................................................4
Conceptual investigation...............................................................................................................5
Empirical investigations................................................................................................................5
Technical investigations................................................................................................................5
Iteration and integration of these investigations...........................................................................5
Three case studies of value sensitive design.................................................................................6
Plasma displays in interior offices.................................................................................................6
Urbanism......................................................................................................................................7
Constellation of features...............................................................................................................7
Using value sensitive design (VSD)................................................................................................7
Lecture 2........................................................................................8
Algorithms....................................................................................................................................8
Machine learning..........................................................................................................................8
Machine learning pipeline............................................................................................................9
Chapter 1, introduction – Barocas (paper week 2).........................11
Demographic disparities.............................................................................................................11
The machine learning loop..........................................................................................................11
The harms of information systems..............................................................................................12
,Why is AI harder than we think – Melanie Mitchell (paper week 2)
....................................................................................................12
Lecture 3 – Social implications of language technology.................13
Natural language processing.......................................................................................................13
Gender and dialect bias in YouTube’s Automatic captions – Rachael
Tatman (paper week 3).................................................................14
The social impact of natural language processing – Dirk Hovy,
Shannon L. Spruit (paper week 3).................................................15
Lecture 4 – hype and adoption......................................................16
Technology life cycle...................................................................................................................17
Models of adoption.....................................................................................................................17
Viral chatbot ChatGPT…. – Emilia David (paper week 4)................18
Chat GPT and Gartner Hype Cycle...............................................................................................18
Grasping the future : Identifying potential…. - Van den Bogaert
(paper week 4).............................................................................19
Midair haptic feedback...............................................................................................................19
AI in human teams … - Shaikh, S.J. & Cruz, I.F. (paper week 4).......19
Intelligent assistants...................................................................................................................19
Computers are social actors (CASA).............................................................................................20
Lecture 5 – Panic and Resistance...................................................20
History of social concerns about technology...............................................................................20
Adapting the selective exposure perspective… - Slechten Laura,
Courtois Cedric (paper week 5).....................................................21
Online selective exposure research.............................................................................................21
Perceived threats from social bots (political) - Schmuck, D., & von
Sikorski, C. (2020) (paper week 5).................................................22
Types of social bots.....................................................................................................................22
Social bot literacy........................................................................................................................23
Social bots and perceived behavioral control..............................................................................23
,The Sisyphean cycle of technology panics – Amy Orben (paper week
5).................................................................................................23
Technology panics.......................................................................................................................23
Lecture 6 - A theoretical vocabulary for understanding the impact
and role of (language) technology................................................26
Nuance........................................................................................................................................26
Sociological level.........................................................................................................................27
Actor network theory..................................................................................................................28
Social-cognitive theory (SCT).......................................................................................................28
Dual-processing models..............................................................................................................29
Social cognitive theory : An agentic perspective – Albert Bandura
(paper lecture 6)...........................................................................30
Psychological theorizing..............................................................................................................30
Physicalistic theory of human agency..........................................................................................30
Modes of human agency.............................................................................................................30
Strong structuration theory meets actor network theory –
Greenhalgh, Stones (paper lecture 6)............................................31
Structuration theory compared to actor network theory............................................................31
Dual-process models of information (paper lecture 6)...................31
Different processing styles..........................................................................................................31
Lecture 1
Basic information
Hype = when people are overly excited about some new technology
Panic = When people are overly worries about some new technology
Examples of language technology
1. Chatbots
2. Voice assistants
3. Grammar check, autocorrect.
4. Machine translation (e.g., Google Translate, deepl)
5. Search engines/recommender systems (e.g. Google, Amazon, YouTube)
6. Sentiment analysis
, 7. Spam filtering, content moderation
Who is impacted by this technology
Directly
o Users (rely on the quality of the translations)
Indirectly
o Authors (misrepresented)
o Subjects (Misgendered, wrongly accused)
o Society at large (perpetuating stereotypes that slow down equality)
Fair warning – Abeba Birhane (paper week 1)
Computers in society
AI allows for
Surpassing own limitations
Biases
Prejudices
Joseph Weizenbaum
‘The computer has from the beginning been a fundamentally conservative force … a force
which kept power or even solidified power where it already existed.’
Developed the first chatbot ELIZA in 1964
Crucial differences between human and machines
Certain domains that involve interpersonal … cannot be done by an computer
o Connection
o Respect
o Affection
o Understanding
Problems in the social sphere
Moving targets
Challenges that require continual negotiations
Revisions
Iterations
The impact of computers on society has always two sides, it has been good for many inventions
of society and helped a lot, but at the other hand for example privacy and that jobs go away
because a lot of work becomes automated by computer
Value sensitive design and information systems – Friedman (paper week 1)
Value sensitive design
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