Business Vision
Summary
Management &
Organisation
Year 2, Quarter 2
Simone Snepvangers
,Chapter 7 ‘The basics of motvatonn
Motvaton = the processes that account for an iniiviiuasns intensit , iirecton ani persistence of
effort towari ataining a goas
- Intensit = how hari a person tries
- Directon = effort has to be channessei in a iirecton that benefts the organisaton
- Persistence = measures how song a person can maintain effort
Early theories of motivation
Hierarchy of needs theory (Maslow)
1 Ph siosogicas = incsuies hunger, thirst, shester ani other boiis neeis
2 Safet = securit ani protecton from
ph sicas ani emotonas harm
3 Socias = affecton, besongingness,
acceptance ani frieniship
4 Esteem = internas factors such as, sesf-
respect, autonom , ani achievement ani
externas factors such as, status, recogniton
ani atenton
5 Sesf- actuasizaton = irive to become what
we are capabse of becoming, growth,
achieving our potentas ani sesf-fusfsment
If ou want to motvate someone, ou neei to unierstani what seves of the hierarch that person is
currents on ani focus on satsf ing that neei
Theory X and theory Y (McGregor)
- Theor X = managers besieve empso ees inherents iissike work ani must therefore be
iirectei or even coercei into performing it
- Theor Y = managers assume empso ees can view work as naturas as rest or psa ani
therefore, the average person can searn to accept ani seek responsibisit
Two-factor theory (Herzberg)
Motvaton-h giene theor q eueston about what fest exceptonass gooi or bai about the joob
Satsfacton – no satsfacton / Dissatsfacton – no iissatsfacton
Factors that seai to joob satsfacton are separate ani iistnct from those that seai to joob
iissatsfacton
To motvate peopse, emphasize factors associatei with the work itsesf or with outcomes iirects
ierivei from it
McClelland’s Theory of Needs
Looks at three neeis:
1 Neei for achievement (nqch) = the irive to exces, to achieve in resatonship to a set of
staniaris
2 Neei for power (nPow) = the neei to make others behave in a wa the wousi not have
otherwise
3 Neei for afsiaton (Naff) = the iesire for frienis ani csose interpersonas resatonships
, Contemporary theories of motivation
Self-determination Theory
Sesf-ieterminaton theor = proposes that peopse prefer to fees the have contros over their actons
qn thing that makes a previouss enjoo ei task fees more sike an obsigaton than a frees chosen
actvit wiss uniermine motvaton
Cognitve evasuaton theor = a compsementar theor that h pothesis that extrinsic rewaris wiss
reiuce intrinsic interest in a task When peopse are paii for work, it feess sess sike something the
want to io ani more sike something the have to io
Sesf-concoriance = consiiers how strongs peopsens reasons for pursuing goass because of intrinsic
interest The are more sikes to atain goass, are happier when the io ani are happ even if the io
not
Goal-setting Theory
The more iifcust the goas = the higher the seves of performance
1 Chassenging goass get our atenton ani hesp us focus
2 Difcust goass energize us because we have to work harier to atain them
3 When goass are iifcust, peopse persist in tr ing to atain them
4 Goass seai us to iiscover strategies that hesp us perform the joob or task more effectves
Peopse io beter when the get feeiback on how wess the are progressing towari their goass
because it hesps iientf iiscrepancies between what the have ione ani what the want to io next
= feeiback guiies behaviour
- Sesf-generatei feeiback = empso ees are abse to monitor their own progress or receive
feeiback from the task process itsesf
- Externass generatei feeiback
Without partcipaton, the iniiviiuas pursuing the goas neeis to csears unierstani its purpose ani
importance
Other infuencing factors on goass
- Goas commitment
- Task characteristcs
- Natonas custure
Goas-setting theor assumes an iniiviiuas is commitei to the goas ani ieterminei not to sower or
abanion it
1 Iniiviiuas besieves he can achieve the goas
2 Wants to achieve it
Promoton focus = strive for aivancement ani accompsishment The approach coniitons that move
them csoser towari iesirei goass
Preventon focus = strive to fusfs iutes ani obsigatons ani avoii coniitons that puss them awa
from iesirei goass
MBO = Management B Objoectves = emphasizes partcipatve set goass that are tangibse, verifabse
ani measurabse
