Samenvatting

Summary chapter 12 - Prejudice and intergroup relations (0HV30)

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Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (TUE)

Summary of chapter 12 (Prejudice and intergroup relations) of Social psychology and human nature by Baumeister and Bushman. The order of the book is followed, and the summary is based on the key words of the book. There is a table of contents, which may prove useful when searching for certain topic...

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Heel boek samengevat? Nee
Wat is er van het boek samengevat? Chapter 12
Geupload op 23 februari 2019
Aantal pagina's 9
Geschreven in 2018/2019
Type Samenvatting

prejudices
prejudice targets
stereotypes
causes stereotypes
causes prejudice
conscious override
reducing prejudices
superordinate goals
discrimination
contact between stereotypes

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Social psychology and human nature (0HV30)

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13 items

1. Samenvatting - Chapter 1 - the mission and the method summary
2. Samenvatting - Chapter 2 - culture and nature
3. Samenvatting - Summary chapter 3 the self - social psychology and consumer behaviour (0hv30)
4. Samenvatting - Summary chapter 4 - behavior control: the self in action (0hv30)
5. Samenvatting - Summary chapter 5 - social cognition
6. Samenvatting - Summary chapter 7 - attitudes, beliefs, and consistency
7. Samenvatting - Summary chapter 6 - emotion and affect
8. Samenvatting - Summary chapter 8 - prosocial behavior: doing what's best for others (0hv30)
9. Samenvatting - Summary chapter 13 - social influence and persuasion (0hv30)
10. Samenvatting - Summary chapter 12 - prejudice and intergroup relations (0hv30)
11. Samenvatting - Summary chapter 11 - close relationships: passion, intimacy and sexuality (0hv30)
12. Samenvatting - Summary chapter 10 - attraction and exclusion (0hv30)
13. Samenvatting - Summary chapter 9 - aggression and antisocial behavior (0hv30)
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Chapter 12: Prejudice and intergroup relations p. 401

Contents
Common prejudices and targets............................................................................................................3
Arabs..................................................................................................................................................3
People who are overweight...............................................................................................................3
Homosexuals.....................................................................................................................................3
Other common groups.......................................................................................................................3
Why prejudice exists..............................................................................................................................4
Us versus them: groups in competition.............................................................................................4
Ignorance? The contact hypothesis...................................................................................................5
Rationalizations for oppression.........................................................................................................5
Stereotypes as heuristics...................................................................................................................5
Prejudice and self-esteem.................................................................................................................5
Content of prejudice and stereotypes...................................................................................................6
Accuracy of stereotypes: kernels of truth?........................................................................................6
Are stereotypes always negative?.....................................................................................................6
Inner processes......................................................................................................................................6
Overcoming stereotypes, reducing prejudice........................................................................................7
Conscious override............................................................................................................................7
Mental processes of nonprejudiced people...................................................................................7
Discrimination in reverse...............................................................................................................7
Motives for overcoming prejudice.................................................................................................7
Contact..............................................................................................................................................7
Superordinate goals...........................................................................................................................8
Impact of prejudice on targets..............................................................................................................9
Self-fulfilling and self-defeating prophecies.......................................................................................9
Stigma and self-protection.................................................................................................................9
Stereotype threat..............................................................................................................................9

, ABC of intergroup relationships:

- Affective component: prejudice
o Prejudice – a negative feeling toward an individual based solely on his or her
membership in a particular group
- Behavioral component: discrimination
o Discrimination – unequal treatment of different people based on the groups or
categories to which they belong
- Cognitive component: stereotyping
o Stereotypes – beliefs that associate groups of people with certain traits
 Can be good or bad

Racism – prejudiced attitudes toward a particular race; racial prejudice
Aversive racism – simultaneously holding egalitarian values and negative feelings toward
minorities

- Believing in racial equality, but still having negative feelings toward minorities

Subtypes – categories that people use for individuals who do not fit a general stereotype

- Stimulates the endurance of stereotypes (even though inaccurate)

Categorization – the natural tendency of humans to sort objects into groups

- Enables people to easily make sense of a complicated world; minimalizing mental effort
as cognitive misers
- Social categorization – the process of sorting people into groups on the basis of
characteristics they have in common (e.g. race, gender, age, religion, sexual orientation)
- Outgroup members – people who belong to a different group or category than we do
o Outgroup homogeneity bias – the assumption that outgroup members are
more similar to one another than ingroup members are to one another
 Cause: lack of exposure, leading to less information about individual
members
 May lead to prejudice etc.
 E.g. think about differences between Europeans, opposed to differences
between Asians
- Ingroup members – people who belong to the same group or category as we do

Stereotypes and prejudice have been regarded as morally wrong, but only since recent ages.
Before that, it was seen as normal to judge someone based on social ties/ family. Stereotyping
can lead to morally wrong and unfair consequences.

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