This extensive summary covers chapters 1-8 and 10 of "Psychology - Second European Edition" by Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, and Hood and additional information from the lectures. The other chapters were not exam material in the academic year of 2018/ 2019.
, Chapter 1 PSYCHOLOGY : THE EVOLUTION
OF A SCIENCE
brain
Alan Turning biological computational device
•
: =
•
Charles Darwin ; theories explained why our minds work the way they do
1853
;
"
Psychology first
appeared in
not Science before
" "
↳ a
↳ unobservable workings of the human mind
+ lack of suitable methods of measurement
.
scientists an across Europa ( Germany ,
France
,
Britain ,
...
)
but USA
esp .
FIELDS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY
PSYCHOLOGY
-
The scientific Study Of mind and behavior .
MIND -
Our private inner experience
of perceptions ,
thoughts ,
memories and
Feelings
BEHAVIOR -
Observable actions of human beings and
nonhuman animals .
BIOLOGICAL The study of how biology interacts with
-
PSYCHOLOGY psychological processes .
" '
COGNITIVE -
The study of the mental processes .
Cognition
PSYCHOLOGY refers to
thinking and problem solving .
DEVELOPMENTAL The study of how psychological processes
-
PSYCHOLOGY the lifespan What
change over . causes
these ?
changes
INDIVIDUAL The study of how psychological processes
-
DIFFERENCES from to the next
Vary one person .
SOCIAL -
The study of the psychological processes that
PSYCHOLOGY operate when we interact with others and
how we behave in
groups .
p
Different fields of
psychology Overlap significantly in p
terms of the phenomena they describe ,
but approach o
°
and interpret them differently .
, Psychological facts
" "
•
all of our subjective experiences arise from the electrical
and chemical activities in our brains .
↳
today we have technologies to measure this ( e. g. FMRI
,
DTI )
•
psychological processes are said to be adaptive
of
↳
they promote reproduction organisms that
engage
in those processes
as there's no
thoroughly useless mental process that
we 'd be better off without
.
the mind often traits
accuracy for speed and versatility
" "
cos mind bugs can happen
↳ visual illusions
e.g.
automatic auto piloted behaviors
.
-
,
Psychology 's roots
William James ( 1860 )
•
s
Psychology
↳ no one could teach him about
•
Plato Aristotle ... had theories about the human mind
, ,
↳ )
Plato ( Nativism :
certain knowledge is innate I inborn
↳ Aristotle ( philosophical empiricism ) : tabula rasa ; all
knowledge is
gained through experience
=D Nature -
Nurture -
Debate is still topical
EPISTEMOLOGY
-
The study of how knowledge is acquired .
th
174118 century in Western Europe
;
-
Continental rationalism 8 British empiricism
↳ innate knowledge ↳
knowledge through experience
METAPHYSICS of
-
A branch philosophy that examines
nature of reality .
•
our inner experiences are not visible but seem real ,
"
where they ?
'
so are
DUALISM -
If mind and body are separated ,
how
interact ?
can they
, mind
body dualism widely unaccepted
.
-
Franz Joseph Aau mental
ability depends on size
.
:
of brain
characteristics
PHRENOLOGY -
Specific mental abilities and
are localized specific in regions
Of the brain .
°
mid - vsth century :
physiologists developed methods
for of nerve impulses
measuring speed
-
CD measure mental abilities
PHYSIOLOGY -
The study of biological processes ,
especially in the human body .
'
°
Helmholtz recorded participants reaction time when
a stimulus was applied .
STIMULUS -
Sensory input from the environment
REACTION
-
the amount of time taken to respond
TIME to a specific stimulus .
Wundt scientific to
Wilhelm approach psychology
•
:
and experiments ; 1879 .
.
official birth of Psychology
SENSORY The interpret and
way We process signals
-
PERCEPTION received via our senses .
CONSCIOUSNESS -
A person 's subjective experience of the
( World and the mind
to
study
.
a way
STRUCTURALISM The of the basic elements
analysis
-
to that constitute the mind
§
a way
analyze
's
INTROSPECTION -
The subjective observation of one own
experiences .
=D
analyzing the relation between
feelings and
perceptual sensations
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper vanessanring. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €6,99. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
