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Summary Legal Transformation and Regulation of Food Systems LAW-32806
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GRADE: 7.5. This document is a summary of the course Legal Transformation and Regulation of Food Systems (LAW-32806). Summary is made based upon the learning objectives of the course. Please note that this summary was written during the 2023/2024 academic year, and the content may have changed sinc...

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  • 28 mei 2024
  • 52
  • 2023/2024
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud

SUMMARY FOR LEGAL TRANSFORMATION AND REGULATION OF FOOD SYSTEMS (LAW-32806)

(1)Identify the main characteristics of the current EU policies (EUGD, F2F, CAP) surrounding food

The EU Green Deal (EUGD)

Description:

 Strategy for sustainable growth
 Commission’s commitment to tackling climate environmental-related challenges
 Blueprint for this transformational change
 EU becomes the global leader in the transition developing a stronger ‘green deal
diplomacy’

Aims:

 Turn the EU in the first climate-neutral country by 2050
 Protect human life, animals and plants, by cutting pollution
 Help companies become world leaders in clean products and tech
 Help ensure a just and inclusive transition

Areas of action:

 Climate
 Energy
 Agriculture (From Farm to Fork)
 Industry
 Environment and oceans
 Transport
 Finance and regional development
 Research and innovation

The Farm to Fork Strategy

Description:

 Cornerstone of the EU Green Deal
 Set the stage for an integrated and effective sustainable food system strategy
 Embeds the inextricable links between ‘healthy people, healthy societies and a healthy
planet’

Big challenges:

 Make sure that citizens have access to healthy, affordable and sustainable food
 Tackle climate change
 Protect the environment and preserve biodiversity
 Ensure fair economic return in food chain
 Increase organic farming

Ambitious objectives by 2030:

 Reduce the use of chemical and hazardous pesticides in agriculture by 50%
 Reduce nutrient losses by at least 50%, while ensuring no deterioration on soil fertility,
reduce fertilizer use by at least 20%

,  Reduce by 50% the sales of antimicrobials for farmed animals and in aquaculture
 Enhance the development of EU organic farming (25 % of total farmland)

Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)

Description:

 Agricultural policy of the EU
 Original core objective (1962) = to ensure food self-sufficiency production  subsidy policy
focused on:
o increasing food supply
o providing incentives for farmers to generate surpluses of the major farm
commodities
 Reformed many times

Reform 2013 CAP:

 Pillar I [Reg. 1307/2013]  direct payments to farmers and market measures (e.g.
improvement of competitiveness in terms of price and quality, introduction of direct
payments as a substitute for price support, decentralization of the power, etc.)
 Pillar II [Regulation 1305/2013]  Rural development policy (promote the integrated and
decentralized planning of agri-environmental, agricultural and rural development measures
across the Community)

Objectives 2013 CAP:

 Ensuring food security to stabilize farmers’ income and limit price volatility
 Addressing climate change
 Mitigate territorial imbalances, improving the vitality and economic potential of rural
regions, and supporting rural employment
 Redesigning the Rural Development Policy to become more supportive for small farmers
 Ensuring a high level of food safety and quality
 Establishing new rules for direct payments (from decoupling to targeting)

CAP strategic plans:

 A new approach launched in 2018 and entered into force in 2023
 Key tool in reaching the ambitions of the F2F and Biodiversity Strategies

Main characteristics:

 Flexibility
o A shift of responsibility to the Member States as regards the identification of
objectives, their implementation and monitoring
o National Strategic Plans

 Performance Approach
o Focused on performance & results rather than merely on compliance with rules and
procedures
o That ensures higher flexibility to Member States to design interventions
o That includes:

,  Rewarding mechanisms for high environmental performances based on the
attribution of a performance bonus
 Correcting mechanisms for low CAP performance
 Greener CAP
o The new objectives will cover the 3 dimensions of sustainability: environmental,
economic and social
o Conditionality (i.e. basic obligations for beneficiaries who receive direct payments
and/or other CAP payments)
o Echo schemes: voluntary actions beyond conditionality (e.g. echo schemes)
 Fairer CAP
o Fairer distribution of income support and a greater targeting towards SME farms
(e.g. of national strategic approaches and mandatory redistribution of the direct
payments)
o Social conditionality: linking support to the respect of rights of farmworkers (e.g.
transparent employment conditions, on-farm safety and health)
o Support the new generation of farmers and improve gender equality
 Innovation-Friendly CAP
o Modernization through knowledge exchange, innovation and digitalization
o A strengthened role for farm advisory services

(1) Explain the relevance of the Farm to Fork Strategy in the transition towards sustainable food
systems

Legislative proposals F2F

Actions:

 Proposal for a legislative framework for sustainable food systems
 Develop a contingency plan for ensuring food supply and food security

Ensure sustainable food production:

 Clarification of the scope of competition rules in the TFEU with regard to sustainability in
collective actions
 Legislative initiatives to enhance cooperation of primary producers to support their position
in the food chain and non-legislative initiatives to improve transparency
 EU carbon farming initiative

Stimulate sustainable food processing, wholesale, retail, hospitality and food services’ practices:

 Initiative to improve the corporate governance framework, including a requirement for the
food industry to integrate sustainability into corporate strategies

Promote sustainable food consumption, facilitating the shift towards healthy, sustainable diets:

 Determine the best modalities for setting minimum mandatory criteria for sustainable food
procurement to promote healthy and sustainable diets, including organic products, in schools
and public institutions
 Proposal for a harmonized mandatory front-of-pack nutrition labelling by 2022
 Proposal for a sustainable food labelling framework that covers the nutritional, climate,
environmental and social aspects of products by 2024

, Examples:

 Reduce food lost and waste:
o Proposal for EU-level targets for food waste reduction by 2023
o Proposal for a revision of EU rules on date marking (‘use by’ and ‘best before’ dates)
by 2022
 Nevertheless:
o There is an inconsistency between policy’s objectives and legal proposals and many
sectors have been left out (e.g. biotech, protein transition etc...)

(2) Illustrate how EU laws are made and who are the main key players in the EU law-making process

EU institutions

1. The European Parliament (the voice of the people)

 Represents the EU’s citizens and is directly elected by them
 Main roles:
o Legislative = adopts EU laws, together with the Council
o Supervisory = democratic scrutiny of all EU institutions
o Budgetary = establishes the annual EU budget, together with the Council
 Works in Committees to prepare legislation and Plenary session to pass legislation

2. The Council (of the EU) (voice of the MS)

 Is composed of national government ministers from each Member State, grouped by policy
area (the presidency is held on a 6-month rotating basis)
 Main roles:
o Legislative = adopts EU laws, together with the EP
o Coordination = coordinates Member States’ policies (i.e. economic, fiscal, education,
culture, youth, sport, and employment areas) and develops the EU's foreign and
security policy (based on European Council guidelines)
o Representative = concludes agreements between the EU and other countries or
international organisations
o Budgetary = establishes the annual EU budget, together with the EP
 Works in 10 different configurations, each corresponding to the policy area being discussed

3. The European Council (voice of the MS)

 Is composed of the heads of state or government of all EU countries (along with its President
and the President of the EU Commission)
 Defines the general political direction and priorities of the EU
 Works in plenary session (4 times a year)
 Four priority areas to guide the EU's work over the next years
o protecting citizens and freedoms
o developing a strong and vibrant economic base
o promoting European interests and values on the global stage
o building a climate-neutral, green, fair and social Europe

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