Sportpsychology
Docentgegevens
Staff: Pepijn van de Pol
Examination ():
Multiple Choice Exam
1
,Week 1: Achievement and Motivation
What’s sport psychology?
Sport and exercise psychology is the scientific study of people and their behaviors in sport and
exercise contexts and the practical application of that knowledge. It focuses on effects of
psychological factors on sport-related behavior, performance and well-being.
Sport and exercise psychologists seek to understand and help people with physical or mental
disabilities to achieve maximum participation, peak performance, personal satisfaction and
development through participation.
Distinguishing between two specialties
In contemporary sport and exercise psychology a distinction should be made between clinical sport
psychologists and educational psychologists.
Clinical Sportpsychology Educational Sportpsychology
Clinical sportpsychologists have extensive Educational Sportpsychologists have
training in psychology, so they can detect extensive training in sport science. They
and treat individuals with emotional understand the psychology of human
disorders. They are needed because some movement.
people develop severe emotional disorders
You can see these as some kind of mental
and require special treatment.
coach they can help you with: anxiety
management, confidence development,
improving communication.
It’s academic origins
Physical sciences Biological sciences Social sciences
Biomechanics Psychology
Exercise
Sport sociology
physiology
Psychophysiological Orientation can
examine the effects with use of MRI
Social-Psychological Orientationcan
Sport Psychology
examine relationship of athlete imagery use
Psycho-physiological
from a team-level perspective to team
Social-psychological
cohesion.
Cognitive-behavioral
Cognitive-Behavioral Orientationcan
examine the effects of imagery on
performance
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,Sport psychology from different perspectives
Sport psychology can be studied and answered from different perspectives:
Person: individualistic approach
Environment: situational approach
Person x Environment: interactionist approach (See X-model)
Sport psychologist help athletes to develop mental skills which are necessary to:
Perform optimally in challenging situations
Experience personal highlights
Develop to their full potential
Guidelines for scientific research
To make sure your research can make a difference the RE-AIM model is used:
1. Reach – How do I reach the targeted population?
2. Efficacy – How do I know my program is working?
3. Adoption – How do I develop organizational support to deliver my program or knowledge?
4. Implementation – How do I ensure the program or knowledge is delivered over time?
5. Maintenance – How do I ensure the program or knowledge is sustained properly?
Peak performance
Individual differences
Motivation
Self-efficacy
Environmental factors
Coach-effectiveness
Peers
Parents Deliberate practice:
Opportunities Necessary, but not
Psychological skills enough Mental part: Competative
Goal setting edge
Attentional focus Talent: Necessary, but not
Imagery enough
Relaxation
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, Sport situation: 4. Sport outcomes:
Task demands Performance
Task circumstances Result
Task conditions
Task relations
3. Sport behavior:
Effort
Strategy/Tectics
2. Person/athlete:
Psychophysiological state
Stable characteristics
5. Person/athlete outcomes:
Variable characteristics
Psychophysiological state
X-model for sport-behavior
X-model: sport situation
Task demands: handball, football, high jump, discus throwing
Task circumstances (more changing factors): Football - pitch, ball, referee, opponent, weather
Task conditions: Rules, time regulation, pay/rewards, substitutes
Task relations: Team/solo, coach relation, communication
X-model: Person/athlete
Stable characteristics
Physical length, weight, power, speed, strength
Technical: effective way of executing a motor task
Psychological: persistence, mental toughness, need for achievement, goal orientation
Tactical: strategy
Momentaneous characteristics
Current capacity, state anxiety, goal state
X-model: Sport behavior
Effort
Psychological: willingness/motivation to spend effort
Physiological: capacity, VO2 max
Action plan
Movement behavior (perception selection action)
Action theory: the development of psychological functions as well as psychological traits, states and
processes are considered as fundamentally related to action.
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