History - Answer-- Kanner: 8/11 were male
- Asperger: 4/4 cases he wrote in detail were male
- These early male-centred behavioral, clinical, and symptom descriptions may have led to an underrepresentation of females in research, which in turn led to a male-biased understanding of ASD (Chuan ...
Psychology 208 Final Exam ASD and
Women Questions with Latest Update
History - Answer-- Kanner: 8/11 were male
- Asperger: 4/4 cases he wrote in detail were male
- These early male-centred behavioral, clinical, and symptom descriptions may have led
to an underrepresentation of females in research, which in turn led to a male-biased
understanding of ASD (Chuan Lai, et. al., 2015)
Is ASD diagnosed more in males or females? - Answer-- "In the absence of intellectual
impairment autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed both less and later in females"
According to DSM- 5 - Answer-- Autism spectrum disorder is diagnosed FOUR TIMES
more often in MALES than in females.
- In clinic samples, FEMALES tend to be MORE LIKELY TO SHOW ACCOMPANYING
INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY, suggesting that girls without accompanying intellectual
impairments or language delays may go unrecognized
- perhaps because of the subtler manifestation of social and communication difficulties.
Ratios - Answer-- Commonly cited as 4:1
- On average, the male to female ratio stands at 4.3:1, with this ratio increasing to
around 9:1 in the absence of comorbid intellectual impairment (Hiller et. al., 2015)
- Ratios for Low IQ individuals with ASD is estimated to be 2:1 (Centre for Disease
Control, 2012)
Measurement Bias - Answer-- ADOS/ADI did not factor in gender differences when
norming instruments
- Women are more likely to be diagnosed as AD/HD, Eating Disorders, Language
Delay, Anxiety Disorder
Measurement - Answer-- ADOS and ADI do not differentiate for gender
- Girls:
- Require more severe ASD symptoms for diagnosis
-More severe behavioural and cognitive impairment
-Are often underreported by teachers
, Differences from Neurotypical Women - Answer-- Similar pattern to males: lower social
and communication skills, and higher restricted/stereotypical behaviours
- Higher (than NT women) reported perceptions of low self-esteem, internalizing
(depression, anxiety) and externalizing (tantrums, crying) behaviours
Ketelaaars et. al., (2016) Regarding Differences from Neurotypical Women - Answer--
Emotional recognition was delayed in females with ASD compared to NT's...not
necessarily inaccurate...just significantly slower
- Also found their sample of women with ASD were able to accurately identify levels of
emotional arousal...but were significantly poorer at labelling the emotion
ASD and Eating disorders Gender Ratios - Answer-Anorexia and Bulimia:
- 10 : 1 (Female : Male)
•Karjalainen et. al., (2016 found prevalence rates in ASD of 7.9%•
- Gender Ratio: 2.5 : 1
(Female : Male)
Characteristics more often present in females with ASD than Males (chart) - Answer-
social interaction
- greater awareness of the need for social interaction
communication
- better linguistic abilities developmentally
Restricted, repetitive patters of behaviour
- involve people/animals rather than objects
Other
- tendency to be perfectionistic, controlling, etc.
Female ASD Differences - Answer-- GREATER interest in socialisation
- FEWER stereotypical and repetitive behaviours
- Restricted interests that are more in line with social and gender norms
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper lectknancy. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €12,24. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
