, Index
College 1: Paris Treaties 3
Historical background- the mood in 1949 3
The European Coals & Steel Community ECSC/EGKS 4
European Defence Community 5
West European Union 5
Questions 5
College 2: The Treaties of Rome 6
Institutionalized cooperation in the 1950’s 7
Proposals 7
Signature Treaties of Rome 8
European Atomic Energy Community/ Euratom 8
European Economic Community EEC 8
Institutions 8
Questions 9
College 3: Crisis, Stagnation and Revival: The Single European Act + Building a Union,
Constructing a temple: The Treaty of Maastricht 10
1960’s and 1970’s 10
1960’s 10
1970’s 11
1980’s Stagnation 11
Explaining the outcome and timing of the SEA 11
Contents of the SEA 13
EMU/domestic preferences 14
College 4: Treaties of Amsterdam & Nice 15
International environment 15
Treaty of Amsterdam 16
Questions 16
Preparing for enlargement: Treaty of Nice 17
The Nice treaty 18
College 5: Constitutional Treaty and Lisbon Treaty 18
International political context 19
Questions 19
Reform Treaty: Treaty of Lisbon 20
EU institutions & decision making 21
College 6: a triple crisis and a critical juncture 23
A triple crisi public debt crisis 23
Critical juncture Brexit referendum 2016→ chachaha push pull 24
College 8: Liberal Intergovernmentalism 28
Core assumptions of liberal intergovernmentalism 28
Intellectual roots of liberal intergovernmentalism 29
Descriptive foci 29
Key analytical concepts 29
Normative/prescriptive elements 30
Criticisms of liberal intergovernmentalism 31
College 9: Governance approaches 31
Core assumptions of governance approaches 31
Intellectual roots of governance approaches 32
Descriptive foci 33
Key analytical concepts 33
Normative/prescriptive elements 35
Criticisms of governance approaches 35
College 10: Institutionalist approaches 35
Agency and institutions 35
Rational choice institutionalism 36
Social constructivism 37
Historical institutionalism 38
College 11: Critical Political Economy 39
Core assumptions 39
Intellectual roots 40
Descriptive foci 40
Key analytical concepts 40
Key analytical concepts 41
Normative/prescriptive elements 42
Critique of CPE 42
College 12: Normative Theories 42
Normative legitimacy core values 43
2
, College 1: Paris Treaties
ECSC & WEU
Historical background- the mood in 1949
The mood was really sad. People thought that the history would repeat itself. It would only
take time until the next war would arise. Europe was destroyed and not ready to protect itself.
The German problem
1. The problem is the loss of the European balance of power. We do not have a world
government that has control. There is no guarantee that rules will be followed. There
is this idea about major powers. They do not want one state to control the world. They
do not want a hegemon. You want all major powers to balance each other to keep
everything in check. The hegemon is a problem when other states cannot control the
hegemon anymore. There will be small wars to keep the balance in check → this way a
major war is prevented. This was the problem when Germany unified and was
unstoppable.
2. The balance of power destroyed Napoleon destroyed the balance of power until he
was stopped in Russia. They restored the balance at the Congress of Vienna in
1814-1815. They put France back into its former borders and balance them out.
3. Three wars in a row Worked till a certain point. The Franco Prussian war 1870 → First
world war 1914 → Second world war 1939.
4. Solve German problem Jalta 1945-1948 Churchill, Stalin and Roosevelt. France and
Germany were not invited. France did get a piece of the influence zones. They cut up
Germany in four zones. Zones were meant as temporary but because of the tensions
of Sovjet and the other countries it became permanently. The BRD vs the DDR.
Adenauer was the first chancellor of the BRD. The solution became partition
(unintentionally) and a Non European holder of the balance. Germany was not a
sovereign state yet. You could see this in the fact that Germany could not have
weapons yet. The US and the SU became the holders of balance to keep the zones in
check.
5. International political environment Most of the West European nation states became
sovereign democracies. Women could vote after this time. How sovereign are
countries? Internal sovereignty means that there is a single government with authority.
External sovereignty is only when other countries accept you as a state. Start of the
Cold war with the Berlin airlift to starve the other side. Also Truman doctrine which
was the containment strategy. This is not the same as the balance of power.
Containment is about spreading ideas and preventing communism. Marshall plan was
part of this. It is not power thinking but ideological thinking.
6. International socio-economic context US was afraid that communism would rise
because of poverty. The economic was recovering because of the Marshall Plan.
Russia also got the help but refused. But also for american export. Heavy industries
where very dominant. Before the war there was interdependence.
3
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