College aantekeningen

Identiteit, diversiteit en inclusie

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Instelling
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)

Zijn alle hoorcolleges van het jaar 2023/2024 hoop dat je er nog wat aan hebt.

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Geupload op 17 december 2024
Aantal pagina's 39
Geschreven in 2023/2024
Type College aantekeningen
Docent(en) Dr. ismintha waldring en dr. marina de regt
Bevat Alle colleges

Identiteit diversiteit en inclusie

Tentamen:

Theoretische artikelen en hoofdstukken (zoals Woodward, Cooper, Crul)
 Concepts: meaning, aspects
 Conclusions
 Critiques

Empirische artikelen en hoofstukken (zoals Underhill, Beekers & Schrijvers)
 Concepten: meaning, aspects
 Analyse van de data
 Conclusie en discussie: hoe concepten en analyses linken.

Geen vragen over Alba of Portes en Zhou
But you should know what assimilation theories entail, and why Crul uses
superdiversity to problematize assimilation theories’ usefulness in understanding
integration outcomes.

Hoorcollege 1 Woodward: Questioning Identity

identity 3 main questions

1. How are identities formed?
2. How much control do we have shaping our identities
3. Identities in crisis? Example: National identity
Tension: How other people see you versus how you see yourself. Link between
personal and social.

Identity involves
 (A difference and) a link between personal and the social: individual and
social identity→social categorization
 Being the same as some people and different from others→social comparison
 Identification as active engagement (je moet actief gedrag vertonen om die
identiteit te verkrijgen)→social identification (Who i wanna be)
 Agency and structure: a tension between how much control I have in
constructing my identities and how much control is exercised over me
Definitie: Agency verwijst naar het vermogen van individuen om doelgericht te
handelen, keuzes te maken en invloed uit te oefenen op hun omgeving. Het gaat om
de actieve rol van individuen in het vormgeven van hun eigen leven en de
samenleving om hen heen. (Wanneer een persoon kiest een bepaalde carrière te
volgen of politiek standpunt in te nemen)
Definitie: Structure verwijst naar de bredere sociale, economische en culturele
patronen en instituties die het gedrag van individuen beïnvloeden. Het omvat de
vastgestelde regels, normen, instellingen en machtsverhoudingen in een
samenleving. (schoolsysteem, politieke instituties)

,Social sciences accounting for identity

 G.H. Mead: we construct our identity by imagining ourselves thereby using
symbols. (regenboogvlag, paspoort, kruis)
 E. Goffman: identity= we act out a role in a play where the scripts have
already been written. (vrijheid om te acteren maar altijd volgens een script)
 S. Freud: we make an identity our own by a process of largely unconscious
identification.
Front stage and back stage >> Difference between being at home as a parent and
not. At home you don’t have to show people that you’re a good parent (Example)

!!

Conceptualising social structures

 Class: a large grouping of people who share common economic interest,
experiences and lifestyles (People who are like you. Feel belonged in the
place where you are.)
 Gender: the systematic structuring certain behaviour and practices, which are
associated with women or with men in particular societies (Society is
structuring how you are supposed to behave. Has effect on your identity)
 Social structures interact, e.g. gender and national identity.
Until 1963 Dutch women who married a foreigner automatically lost Dutch
citizenship. (Effects class, gender >> identity (John Greaves the miner))

Culture of societies (miss college terugkijken hierover)
 Identities are as much a part of each of us, as they are a part of “the
organization of a society” (Woodward, 2003, p.21).
 Identities are part of the culture of a society

→ Societal change

Structures shape our identities but….

,There is also agency for shaping our identities:

 1960s: new social movements
 Making identity a key factor in political mobilisation (We wanna make a
change but we use factors from our identity to make the change)
 Through collective action and through individual projects people resist
dominant cultural representations of identity.

Identities, differences and hierarchies

“The key point about difference in the example of the poem is that being black or
white is not only a way of marking a difference but is used as a means of asserting
superiority”
(Woodward, 2003, p. 33)

Subverting Stereotypes
- Representations
- Associations
- Symbols
- Meanings

Interpellation: Being called out to take up an identity where you respond taking up
an identity.
“The key point about difference in the example of the poem is that being black or
white is not only a way of marking difference but is used as a means of asserting
superiority.” >> relates back to hierarchy

Key Takeaways ‘What is identity’?

• How are identities formed?
Everyday interactions, social identification (sameness) & comparison
(difference). Symbols as markers of identity and difference.
• How much control do we have in shaping our identities?
We can negotiate our roles, through social action we influence
constraining social structures, but there are clearly limits.
• Are there particular uncertainties in shaping our identities?
Yes, as social change continuously takes place, so are identities never
fixed, but fluid and constantly redefined, making room for diversity.

, Hoorcollege 2; Cooper, Intersectionaliteit

Intersectionality isn’t...
• “some new, totalizing theory of identity” (Crenshaw in Cooper, 2015,
p. 2)

• What intersectionality demonstrates is…

“the need to account for multiple grounds of identity when considering how the social
world is constructed” (Crenshaw in Cooper, 2015, p. 2)
“thats the structures making them invisible are now clear and that the negative
impact of those structures must be addressed” (Cooper, 2015, p. 5)

It’s not an identity theory, all these different identities come together. If it’s not an
identity theory
Cooper: deze structuren maken sommige mensen meer onzichtbaar dan andere, als
je dit weet kan je de negatieve gevolgen tegengaan.

What is intersectionality?
“Intersectionality investigates how intersecting power relations influence social
relations across diverse societies as well as individual experiences in everyday life.
As an analytic tool, intersectionality views categories of race, class, gender,
sexuality, nation, ability, ethnicity, and age – among others – as interrelated and
mutually shaping one another. Intersectionality is a way of understanding and

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