100% tevredenheidsgarantie Direct beschikbaar na betaling Zowel online als in PDF Je zit nergens aan vast
logo-home
PEU Summary €4,99   In winkelwagen

Samenvatting

PEU Summary

2 beoordelingen
 183 keer bekeken  21 keer verkocht

A comprehensive summary of the lectures and readings

Voorbeeld 4 van de 43  pagina's

  • Nee
  • Assigned chapters
  • 1 december 2020
  • 43
  • 2019/2020
  • Samenvatting
book image

Titel boek:

Auteur(s):

  • Uitgave:
  • ISBN:
  • Druk:
Alle documenten voor dit vak (8)

2  beoordelingen

review-writer-avatar

Door: frederikbakker • 3 jaar geleden

review-writer-avatar

Door: lotje4svdv • 3 jaar geleden

avatar-seller
cgallacherroig
POLITICS OF THE EU

1. Introduction
 What is the EU?
o Is it a state?
 Has institutions with power
 Has executive, legislative, judiciary
 Has policy competences transferred from states to EU level
 Has external representation (EEAS = like a foreign ministry; High Representative =
quasi- foreign minister (Mogherini))
 Since 1993: EU Citizenship
o Is it an IO?
 Does not have monopoly on violence (can’t police, imprison etc)
 Does not have monopoly on taxes
 Unable to define its own powers (transferred from MS)
 Difference from other IOs
 Since 2009: Legal personality (can sign treaties; seat in other IOs)
 Scope of powers very broad: EU active across the board in all sorts of policy
areas
 EU law > national law -> direct rule over citizens
 Combines different institutions (eg different representative bodies)
o EU = an unidentified political object?
 “…in 30 or 40 years Europe will constitute a UPO – a sort of unidentified political
object – unless we weld it into an entity enabling each of our countries to benefit from
the European dimension and to prosper internally as well (…) externally” – Jacques
Delors
 3 levels of politics
o Domestic politics in the MS
o EU politics mainly in Brussels (supranational level)
o International politics, eg EU in the UN, EU-Japan strategic partnership
 4th level: local politics, esp. in federal states
 Boundaries = blurred
 Problematic to say which policies are supranational & which are domestic (division
between internal & external used to be clear, shocked Foreign Ministers at first)
 Reading
o Theme 1: Peace-Building thru economic cooperation in a mixed economy
o Theme 2: More than an IO, less than a state
o Theme 3: From economic to democratic legitimation?



2. EU history
 Intro Chapter
o A few successes of the EU
 Nobel Peace Prize (2012): “The Union and its forerunners have for over six decades
contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human
rights in Europe”
 Single Market
o Current challenges
 Financial crisis
 Shook EU profoundly, one Central Bank but so many different policies
 EU does not have a large budget
 Migration crisis
 No joint idea of how to deal with it
 Hit different countries in different ways, disproportionately affected Italy,
Spain, Greece)
 Brexit
 What will happen with the relationship between EU & UK?
 Will other countries want to leave?
 Deepening & widening

Calam Gallacher Roig

,  Deepening: transferring powers from national level to EU institution-level, eg
FP, environment & agricultural policies
 Widening: extension of policy fields / expansion number of MS
o 3 themes central in the book
 Building peace thru economic cooperation in a mixed economy
 More than an IO but less than a state
 From economic to democratic legitimacy
 History of the EU
o European unification is a concept that has been around for centuries
 origins of civilization in Europe back in 18/19C, great thinkers & leader writing letters
to each other about this
 Coudenhove-Kalergi: Pan-European Union
o It only really took off from 1945 onwards (more serious collaboration)
o Idealistic visions: creation of a federal state with a supranational authority
o Pragmatic goals: intergovernmental cooperation (Benelux)
o Competence (power to make laws regarding certain policy areas)
o Jean Monnet (1888-1979)
 Founding father of European integration
 Cognac merchant, travelled to Scandinavia, England, US, Canada
 Idea of European Unity
o Important events / dates
 Congress of Europe in The Hague (1948): Council of Europe
 Schuman Plan (09.05.1950): Coal & Steel Community
 Monnet method (work incrementally on collaboration, might move higher up
gradually)
 ECSC: 1951, in force 1952-2002 (avoid build-up of weapons)
 Euratom: 1957 (atomic energy & weaponry, know who is using uranium for what)
 EEC in force 1958 (economic benefits come easier if you collaborate economically)
 EDC signed in 1952, rejected in 1954 by French parliament (to ensure lasting peace
thru collaboration, also part of Monnet method)
o European Community
 1960s: empty chair crisis in 1965: France made sure there was a possibility to veto,
CAP major thing at the time
 1970s: turbulent period, oil crisis, different response in different countries
 1980s: EC MS have hard time picking up economic activity, own national business
methods / policies; Round Table of Industrialists come together and discuss the need
to jumpstart this
 1990s: geopolitical change, end of CW, intergovernmental conference generating
Maastricht Treaty




o Treaties
 Single European Act (1986)

Calam Gallacher Roig

,  Set objective to establish Single Market & codified political cooperation
(forerunner of EU’s CFSP)
 Treaty of Maastricht (1992/93)
 Creation of the EU
 Treaty of Amsterdam (1997/99)
 MS agreed to transfer certain powers to EP, implemented institutional changes
for expansion
 Treaty of Nice (2001/03)
 Amended Maastricht Treaty & Treaty of Rome
 Reformed institutional structure of EU to withstand eastward expansion
 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (2004)
 Treaty of Lisbon (2007/09)
 Summary & Conclusion
o European integration started a long time ago
o Enlargement only works if MS all agree
o Sometimes deeper integration does not work
o Deepening is often incorporated into treaties
 Reading
o EU is best described as a unique entity governed by atypical institutions designed to ensure
dialogue between its members and the functioning of the decision-making process
o 2 understandings of integration:
 Establishment of a European federation
 Intergovernmental cooperation
o 1950s
 1948 conference in The Hague led to the creation of the Council of Europe
(consultative assembly) in 1949
 Schuman Plan (1950): Fra, W Germany, Ita, Benelux
 Underlined importance of establishing a High Authority, made up of
independent experts, decisions binding on MS
 Establishment of Council of Ministers to safeguard interests of national govts
 Result: Treaty establishing the ECSC signed in 1951
 EDC proposed by Monnet in 1952
 Aim: contain possible future rearmament of West Germany & prevent it from
becoming a NATO member
 Supranational character, joint institutions, armed forces & budget
 Rejected by French Assembly in 1954
 Mid 1950s: European integration seemed to have reached a deadlock
 Messina Conference 1955
 1957: Establishment of the EEC & the Euratom
 Treaty of Rome entered into force in 1958
 Establishment of a common market
 CAP & CCP (Common Commercial Policy)
o 1960s
 Empty Chair Crisis
 Origins: proposal to increase Commission’s role & enhance EP’s budgetary powers &
application of QMV instead of unanimity in the Council of Ministers
 Worried de Gaulle (feared that CAP would be reformed against France’s interests)
 France withdrew its representative in Council meetings for 6 months
 Luxembourg Compromise: QMV applies, but if
country feels that very important national
interests are at threat, it can veto a decision
o 1970s
 Summit of The Hague (1969) defined EEC’s
primary objectives
 Further membership expansion
 Establishment of an Economic and
Monetary Union (EMU)
 EMU attempts failed & plans abandoned by
late 80s
o 1980s & 90s

Calam Gallacher Roig

,  Unprecedented advance of European integration
 Single European Act (SEA) 1985: major reinforcement of supranational institutions &
extended EEC competence to new policy fields
 Creation of a single market 1992
 Maastricht Treaty of 1992
 Establishment of the EMU
 Expand EU competence in FP & security policy & justice & home affairs
 3 Pillars established by MT of 1992

o 2000s
 Massive enlargement of the EU
 Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe (2001)
 Replaced the ECS, EEC & Euratom
 Consolidated & simplified text (eg abolishing 3 pillar structure)
 Integrated charter of HR
 Introduced new EU symbols
 Was never ratified
 Lisbon Treaty (2007)
 Incorporated many innovations of the TECE
 Creation of the EEAS
 Addressed democratic deficit by giving national parliaments more say in the
legislative process
 Gave up 3 pillar system
 Preserved intergovernmental character of CFSP
o Expanded QMV

3. The European Commission
 Why look at institutions? Aren’t states all that manner?
o A state-centric approach (eg neorealism) in IR downplays the role of institution
o Institutional approaches argue that institutions matter
 Alter state preferences
 Alter power structures
 Provide normative environments
o EU = ‘rescue of the nation-state’?





 Article 9
o 7 official
institutions: EP, European Council, Council of the EU, European Commission, Court of Justice,
ECB, Court of Auditors
 Article 9d
o The Commission shall promote the general interest of the Union and take appropriate
initiatives to that end,
o So: represents whole EU? -> controversial
 ‘Guardian of the Treaties’ & of legal framework
o The case of Poland and the ‘rule of law’ procedure


Calam Gallacher Roig

Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:

Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews

Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews

Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!

Snel en makkelijk kopen

Snel en makkelijk kopen

Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.

Focus op de essentie

Focus op de essentie

Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper cgallacherroig. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €4,99. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 67232 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Start met verkopen
€4,99  21x  verkocht
  • (2)
  Kopen