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Summary - Information and Data Management (IDM)

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A very in-depth summary of all the study materials and lecture-slides combined. Consists of everything you need to know! Finished the course last year with a 9.5 Good luck! ;)

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  • 3 februari 2021
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Summary Information & Data management

Chapter 1: What is an information system?

Information system: Hardware, Software and Telecommunications networks that people
build.
Used: to collect, create, and distribute useful data, typically in organizational settings.

Technology: application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.

Five components of information systems:
1. Hardware: the physical components of the technology - tangible
2. Software: set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do – intangible.
a. Operating-system software makes the hardware useable. (Microsoft
windows, Android)
b. Application software: does something useful (angry birds, Microsoft excel)
3. Data: collection of facts. Aggregated, indexed, and organized together into a
database, data can become a powerful tool for businesses.
4. People:
5. Process: a series of steps undertaken to achieve a desired outcome or goal. Using
technology to manage and improve process both within a company and externally
with suppliers and customer is the ultimate goal.

1950’s -> 1960’s
The Mainframe Era:
Used by: Governments and Universities for Scientific calculations

1960’s:
MRP: Manufacturing Resources Planning – gave companies the ability to manage the
manufacturing process, making it more efficient. It runs on a mainframe computer (room
sized)
 Gave businesses a reason to want to integrate computing into their processes!

(1969):
Internet (Worldwide web)

1975
PC revolution
PC’s by IBM had open architecture  easy for other companies to copy.

1980s
Many new computer companies sprang up, offering less expensive versions of the PC.

LAN networks
ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning: a software application with a centralized database that
can be used to run a company’s entire business. It runs on the client-server architecture.

,1970’s :
Internet

1990’s:
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning: highly used

2000:
Mad rush of investment in Internet-based businesses  Dot-com bust.

Web 2.0:
Social networking

The Post-PC World:
Cloud services

Nicholas Car: “Information technology is just a commodity and cannot be used to gain a
competitive advantage.”

------------------------------------------

Walmart: Let suppliers manage the inventory of Walmart with the use of Retail Link.

 As a result, Walmart didn’t have to pay for personal to do that, thus prices can kept low + adjust
quick to market changes.




Chapter 3: Software

Software: A set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do.

1. Operating system software: manage the hardware and create the interface between
hardware and the user (e.g. Apple’s OS X).
- It manages the hardware resources of the computer
- It provides the user-interface components
- It provides a platform for software developers to write applications.

2. Application software: the category of programs that do something useful for the
user, it allows the user to accomplish some goal or purpose.
- Productivity software: allow office employees to complete their daily work
(Microsoft’s Office, with word processing, spreadsheets,
presentation etc.)
- Utility software: software that allows you to fix or
modify your computer into some way. To fil
shortcomings in operating systems (AntiVirus)
- Programming software: software which purpose is to
make more software, used to write code, test it, and
convert it in your computer.

, CRM: Customer Relationship Management – a software application designed to manage an
organization’s customers.
(For example: salesforce)

SCM: Supply Chain Management – the design, planning, execution, control and monitoring
of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value building a competitive
infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand, and
measuring performance globally.
( Most ERP systems include a supply chain management module.)

Cloud computing:
The use of applications, services and data storage on the Internet, by individuals and
organizations. You can use a private cloud, to provide privacy.
(Salesforce is also cloud computing)

Virtualization: The process of using software to simulate a computer or some other device
(e.g. a single computer can perform the functions of several computers)

Software creation:
A programming language: A set of commands and syntax that can be organized logically to
execute specific functions (e.g. Java)

1. Open-Source software: Software that makes the source code available for anyone to
copy and use.

2. Closed-Source software: Requires payments for software – restrictive software
licensing.

1. Benefits of open-source model:
 The software is available for free.
 The software source-code is available; it can be examined and reviewed before it is
installed.
 The large community of programmers who work on open-source projects leads to
quick bug- fixing and feature additions.

2. Benefits of closed-source model:

 By providing financial incentive for software development, some of the brightest
minds have chosen software development as a career.
 Technical support from the company that developed the software.

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