Summary

Summary Successful Aging and Mental Health

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Course
BA Psychology

Institution
University Of Pretoria (UP)

- Maintain and promote the status and well being, safety and security - Maintain and protect rights - Emphasise community based care - Regulate registration, management and establishment of services - Combat abuse of older persons

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Uploaded on April 1, 2022
Number of pages 8
Written in 2020/2021
Type Summary

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Chapter 6: Successful Ageing and Mental Health
Successful Ageing:
Older person’s act:
- Maintain and promote the status and well being, safety and security
- Maintain and protect rights
- Emphasise community based care
- Regulate registration, management and establishment of services
- Combat abuse of older persons

Consists of three components:
1. Freedom from disease and disease-related disability
2. High mental and physical functioning
3. Active engagement in social and productive activities
Ageism:
 Ageism: form of prejudice and refers to discrimination based on chronological
age.
- Indicates prejudice against people in middle by especially late adulthood.
- Ageism is the only category where the members of the discriminating group
will eventually join the group they are discriminating against.
Based on stereotypes and generalisations:
- Older people are alike
- Old people have little to offer society
- Old people behave like children
- Old people suffer from at least one serious illness
- Old people feel alone and lonely, and are just waiting to die
- Old people are senile
 Prejudice may have an effect on the self-concept and therefore on the ideas,
feelings and attitudes that a person has about his or her own identity, worth,
capabilities and limitations.
 Older adults who have had positive experiences concerning stereotypes show
better memory functioning, more positive and balances view of life and more
positive self-concepts that those with negative experiences.
 Ageism is not a universal trend.
- Older people seem to enjoy high prestige in cultures that are autocratic, static
and collectivistic.
- Older people tend not to be bothered by these stereotypes as they are
resilient and use a variety of strategies to respond to and cope with stress to
protect their self-esteem and well-being.

, Personality Characteristics:
Following personality traits in particular seem to play an important role in successful
ageing:
1. Strong sense of meaning: a positive interpretation of one’s existence and the
world.
2. Emotional stability: consistency and predictability in emotional reactions to
setbacks and failures.
3. Flexibility: adjustability to change. The ability to be adaptable or variable and a
willingness to compromise.
4. Extraversion: outgoing, unreserved, expressive and a seemingly confident
approach to life.
5. Low hostility level: not being aggressive or antagonistic.
6. Resilience: successful adjustment to and ability to thrive on difficult and
traumatic life experiences.
Locus of control:
 Refers to the individuals’ perception of their ability to influence the course and
outcome of their life experiences.
 Internal locus of control: individuals believe that they themselves determine
their behaviour.
 External locus of control: external factors determine their behaviour.
 It is believed that people become more external than internal in their locus of
control as they move towards late adulthood.
 Self-fulfilling prophecy: people tend to start behaving in the way they are
expected to.
Poverty:
Consequences of poverty:
1. Sense of hopelessness is experienced: because poor people feel caught up in
a miserable situation, with little or no indication of being able to escape.
- Learned helplessness: refers to a feeling of powerlessness and lack of
motivation that individuals experience after having been exposed to a series
of unpleasant events.
- Feel they cannot control their environment.
2. Poverty induces uncertainty about the future: refer more to the present
situation people find themselves in and uncertainty refers to the future and the
expectations of the way the situation may develop.

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