Class notes
CMY 117 Exam Notes (updated 2024)
- Course
- CMY 117 (CMY117)
- Institution
- University Of Pretoria (UP)
This document summarizes chapters 1 - 14 for the CMY 117 exam.
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
1 review
By: Izabel • 1 year ago
By: claudiafreese • 1 year ago
Hey, let me know what I should have added to make them better :)
Content preview
Theme 1: Matter and MeasurementMatter:
Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Kinetic Theory of Matter: All matter consists of extremely small particles in constant motion.
Can be solid, liquid or gas.
3 Types of matter:
• Macroscopic - seen with eyes.
• Sub-microscopic/nanoscale - seen with microscope.
• Particulate – imagination
Physical properties
Colour, State of matter, Melting and boiling point, Density, Solubility, Electric conductivity, Malleability, Ductility, Viscosity
• Intensive: do not depend on the amount of substance
• Extensive: do depend on amount of substance
When physical change takes place, composition stays the same.
Chemical properties
Flammability, Toxicity, Oxidizing tendency, Stability.
When chemical change takes place, composition does change.
Signs of reaction:
• Colour change
• Formation of bubbles (gas)
• Odour
Heterogenous Homogenous
Non-uniform composition Uniform composition
Separation methods:
• Density = decanting, centrifugation
• Boiling point = distillation
• Intermolecular forces = chromatography
• Magnetism = magnets
• Solubility = filtration
,Observation types:
• Qualitative = words and description
• Quantitative = measurement with units and numbers
SI Units:
Mass = kilogram, kg
Length = meter, m
Time = second, s
Temperature = kelvin, K
Amount of substance = mole, mol
Electric current = ampere, A
Luminous intensity = candela, cd
Prefixes
Peta- P 1015
Tera- T 1012
Giga- F 109
Mega- M 106
Kilo- k 103
Deci- d 10-1
Centi- c 10-2
Milli- m 10-3
Micro- µ 10-6
Nano- n 10-9
Pico- p 10-12
,Femto- f 10-15
The Angstrom (Å) = 10-10
Errors and Uncertainty:
Accuracy = The agreement of a single measurement with the ’true’ value of the quantity
Precision = the agreement of consecutive measurements with one another
Determinate errors = errors such as:
• Faulty instrumentation
• Sensitivity f instrumentation
• Poor record-keeping
• Assumptions in experimental design
• Judgement errors while reading instruments.
Indeterminate errors = errors that cannot be predetermined such as:
• Environmental factors
• Variations in consecutive measurements under apparently identical conditions
Significant figures:
Burette: 4 sig figs
Measuring cylinder: 3 sig figs
Beaker: 2 sig figs
Significant figure rules:
Addition and subtraction: the answer with the smallest amount of decimal places
Multiplication and Division: final answer with smallest amount of sig figs
Measurements
Area of a Sheet = L X W
Area of a cylinder = π x r2
Volume of cube = L x W x h
Volume of cylinder = π x r2 x h
Volume conversions:
1cm3 = 1ml
1000cm3 = 1dm3 = 1000ml = 1L
1000dm3 = 1m3 = 1000L
, Density:
Intensive property
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
D= = g/cm3 = g/ml = kg/L
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
Temperature:
T(K) = …...°C + 273.15
T(°C) = ……K – 273.15
Absolute zero = lowest temperature = 0K = -273.15°C
T(°C) = (…...°F -32)/1.8
T(°F) = 1.8(…...°C) +32
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller claudiafreese. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R110,00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
53068 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy summaries for 14 years now