Nursing 316 Exam #1 (with complete solutions)

pharmacology correct answers the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems drugs (medications) correct answers chemicals introduced into the body to effect physiological processes drug actions correct answers 1. replacing or acting as substitute for missing chemicals 2. increasing or stimulating cellular activities 3. depressing or slowing cellular activities 4. interfering with activities of foreign cells (antibiotics) "ideal" drug correct answers 1. effectiveness 2. safety 3. selectivity effectiveness correct answers drug that does something useful. all drugs must be effective prior to market release safety correct answers does not produce harmful effects relative safety of a drug correct answers increases by proper drug selection, dosage, and monitoring selectivity correct answers elicits only desired response and not undesired or adverse effects 3 principles of drug action correct answers 1. drugs modify existing functions within body 2. drug has a single action 3. effects are determined by drug interaction with body pure food and drug act correct answers (1906) required listing of ingredients federal food, drug, and cosmetic act correct answers (1938) test drug toxicity, ability to recall drugs, only safe drugs receive FDA approval, gave FDA power Harris-Kefauver amendments correct answers (1962) safety and efficacy had to be established before marketing. FDA power over drug investigations reason for discarded trial drug correct answers 1. lack of therapeutic activity 2. toxicity 3. teratogenic effects 4. not safe enough teratogenic correct answers developmental defects in the somatic tissues of a fetus mutagenic correct answers changes in genetic material