ANP 370 Exam 2 MSU Questions with complete solutions

ANP 370 Exam 2 MSU Questions with complete solutions The three bodies !! By nancy scheper- hugges lock Biomedicine and anthropology approaches to Cartesian Dualism (three bodies) -Mind and body are two different entities -Mind and body opposition -Western medicine -At the doctor your subjective experience isnt being included (biomed) -Pain is either biological (doctor) or mental (psych) /incorporated but treated separately nonwestern cosmolgies - Mind and body are very closley connnected, opposed to cart. dual. - ex. Complimentary dualities, harmonious wholes, and tai chi, yoga, feng shui Complementary Duality -we live in a state of mind that are complementary and balanced - Opposing cartesian dualism which is western, -compl. dual. is nonwestern cosmology -EX. Yin and Yang, mind and body - meditation yoga/giving energy to the body (anthro) Harmonious wholes everything (a work as a harmony) in the world is connected -nonwestern Tai Chi Connecting energy from everything, harmonious whole / google; Mind integrated with the body; control of movements and breathing Feng Shui -Energy flow in a japanese bedroom - Google; a system of laws considered to govern spatial arrangement and orientation in relation to the flow of energy Yoga Giving energy to the body Dr. Samuel Cartwright and Drapetomania -Dr. Samuel created the term Drapetomania, In New Orleans medical and surgical journal in 1851 to describe the disease of the mind that "include the nergo to run away from service" the physician reassured that with proper medical advice, strictly followed, this troublesome practice can be almost entirely prevented. Know the difference between the three bodies - individual body - the social body - The body Politic The individual Body We are body, I am my body, body is me" all a whole, your body is you The social Body - The body is a symbol- a site of constant exchange between natural and social worlds body is used - he body in health offers a model of organic wholeness, while the body in sickness offers a model of social disharmony, conflict, and disintegration. - representational uses of the body as a natural symbol with which to think about nature, society, and culture Onaism - 18th century european and american biomedical believe that onaism is a disease that was responsible for epilepsy, blindness, memory loss, vertigo, headache, impotency, loss of hearing, rickets, and irregular action of heart caused by too much masturbation - Political body The Body Politic - Political institutions distinguish the "normative" and "deviant" behaviors to regulate the social body and control the individual body. - Biomedicine is often served the interest of the state. - EX. pms, add, drapetomenia, onaism Herculine Babrbin - died because she was forced to change her sex - The diary of Herculin Barbin, a 19th century french hermaphrodite (both female and male sex organs) Herculine was forced to sex and gender transformation based on her devient sexual preference for female partners. As a result she committed suicide a few years later. Drapetomenia - describes the disease of the mind of "why slaves run away from plantation" - Political body Where does emotion play a role in the construction of the 3 bodies? - Emotions can bridge the individual body, social body, and the body politic - Biomedicine has caught in the cartesian dualism, yet there is hardly a patient today who does not recognize the powerful effect of mind over this body-- most people recognize the effect of our mind over body while biomed doesnt encorporate it (a secondary thing) - we are a combo of mind and body whats so cultural about disease? Explain the following concepts. Onaism: Drapetomania: Enthomedicine !! - Ethnomedicine is simply the study of the medical systems or healing practices of a cultural group (past or contemporary), the comparison of such systems, and increasingly the concurrent(use at the same time) use of different ethnomedicines." - linked to religion, culture, and ethnicity - CAM (complementary and alternative medicine) - Treating mind body and soul, valuing cultures, incorporating belief systems, biomedical and cultural incorportations. - ethnomedicine and biomedicine - Heal and cure - Ethnomedicine vs. traditional biomedicine - Holistic approach (heal) - Treating the disease than the patient (cure) - The purpose of ethnomedicines is to heal and cure - Biomedicine is the only form of ethnomedicine that separates mental from physical, biomedicine focuses on the physical body - measure of success is curing not healing - heal: Holistic restoration of health - Cure correction of organic pathology -Biomedicine focuses on the physical body, measure of success is curing not healing The healing of enthomedicine reading george m foster- Erickson summarizes lessons learned and breaks down into 4 theories of disease causation, this structure provides a way of thinking about such remarkable cultural variation. Order of disease causation structure - Explains a way of thinking about such remarkable cultural variation - 4 Major Domains of disease causation (body and worlds - - 4 theories that explain the disease causation process - - 2 system approaches 1. 4 Major Domains of disease causation -There are 4 major domains that explain disease causation 1. The individual World 2. The natural world 3. The social and economic world 4. The supernatural and spiritual world 2. 4 theories that explain the disease causation process 1. Imbalance 2. Pathological 3. Punishment 4. Fate/Luck 3. Ethnomedicine Systems 1. Naturalistic system 2. Personalistic System Naturalistic System 1. the individual world (Imbalance) 2. natural world (pathological) -causes, -illness, -religion/magic, -casuality -prevention -responsibility -Causes: equilibrium Loss - Illness: unrelated to others misfortune - Religion/Magic: largley unrelated - Causality: Single Level (what has happened) - Prevention:Avoidance - Responsibility: resides with patient Personalistic system 3. Social and economic world 4. The supernatural and spiritual World -causes, -illness, -religion/magic, -casuality -prevention -responsibility - causes: Active Agent - illness: Special Case of misfortune - Religion/magic: Intimatley tied to illness - casuality: multiple levels (who and why) - prevention: Positive Actions - responsibility: Beyond patient control The Sorcerer and His Magic !! - By Claude Levi Stauss - strauss examine the role of belief in medicine and healing, through different case studies - Role of belief: voodoo death, manbicuara shaman - boy trial for witchcraft, Zuni - & a kwakiutl shaman Shamanism/Shaman - A religious practice by indigenous people of far northern europe - a person regarded as having access to, and influence in, the world of good and evil spirits placebo effect in shamanism - Blood worm; shows he has captured the sickness and gets more results while his colleagues koskimo indians spitting is futile - Placebo; Patient believes that a fake treatment is improving his conditon - Nocebo; when the patients negative expectations result in negative effects Quesalid - A skeptical dude who became an apprentice shaman in order to expose the fakeness in shamanistic comple - Learned ars magna ; the spitting out of magic rock, learned at one of the shamanistic schools Shamanistic complex: triangle created by the shaman the patient and the community to which both belong, like the placebo effect - he shaman himself undergoes specific states of psychosomatic nature , the sick person either does or does not experience an improvement of his nature , the public who provide enthusiasm as well as intellectual and emotional satisfaction and collective support How do shamans treat and cure patients? Belief in the practice, placebo affect, removing energies, healing lost parts of the soul, don't treat the illness they treat the person What would their system of healing be classified as in terms of medical systems and levels of causality and why? - Personalistic systems have "Multiple levels of causation." Who and why, then can cure. - The shaman with his powers and contact with spirit world are concerned with who and why, then the treatment for the immediate cause can be administed.