CALT Exam Study Guide Questions with Complete Answers| A+

Rhyming - One of the first phonological awareness skills to develop Blending & segmenting at syllable level - Develops at 3-4 years Segmenting phonemes - Develops at 4-5 years Isolating beginning sound in words, segmenting phonemes in CVC words - Develops in kindergarten Segmenting words with consonant blends - Develops in first grade Receptive oral language - Listening Expressive oral language - Speaking Receptive written language - Reading Expressive written language - Writing __ letters representing __ phonemes - 26, 44 5 vowel letters, __ vowel sounds - 15 Long vowels - Tense Vowels. (Beet, bait, boat, boot, bite, boy, bout) (a, e, i, o, u, oy, ou, oo) Short vowels - Lax vowels - pat, pet, pit, pot, put, putt (a, e, i ,o, u, oo) Fricatives - produced by a constant flow of air through the vocal tract (f and v) Affricates - ch/j Glides - W, y Liquids - l, r Alphabetic principle - an understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken language Six syllable types - closed, open, VCe, C+le, R controlled, vowel pairs Semantics - Language content— meaning of words and the relationship between and among words Pragmatics - Language use— reasons, codes/styles, conversation rules Phonology - the study of speech sounds in language Morphology - units of meaning involved in word formation Syntax - the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language Teutonic Invasion - Shifted the balance of power in Central Europe leading up to the Christianizing of Britain Norman Conquest - Began in 1066. Led by William the Conquerer. His military victory at the Battle of Hastings led to Norman control of England. This control would influence England more with continental Europe than Scandinavian culture. Would also lead to rivalry between England and France for the next millenium. Renaissance - "rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome The Great Vowel Shift - a phonetic shift in the way that long vowels were pronounced in English Dyslexia - A specific learning disability that is neurological in origin. It is a deficit in the phonological component of language and is characterized by poor spelling and decoding abilities. Inferior frontal gyrus - Broca's area — articulation and word analysis Parieto-temporal area - Brain part responsible for word analysis Occipito-temporal region - The vision center — word form Angular gyrus - transforms visual representations into an auditory code Wernicke's area - controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; in the parieto-temporal lobe Decode - Determine pronunciation of a word by breaking it down into sounds Encode - To spell Child pretends to read, can name letters of alphabet (6 mos-6 yrs) - Jean Chall's stages of reading development, Stage 0-pre-reading Child learns relation btwn letters and sounds, printed and spoken words; can read simple text (grades 1-2.5) - Jean Chall's Stages of Reading Development, stage 1-initial reading and decoding Child reads simple stories with increasing fluency (grades 2.5-3) - Jean Chall's Stages of Reading Development, stage 2-confirmation and fluency Reading is a tool for acquiring new knowledge (grades 4-8) - Jean Chall's stage 3 - Reading for New Learning Child reads critically from a broad range of complex materials (high school) - Jean Chall's stage 4- Reading from Multiple Viewpoints Reading is used for one's own needs and purposes and is rapid and efficient (college and beyond) - Jean Chall's stage 5- Construction and Reconstruction Prephonetic Stage of spelling development - Not all sounds of the words are represented by letters (example: js for dress) Semiphonetic Stage of Spelling Development - Child strings together consonants to represent speech sounds (example: ntr for enter) phonetic stage of spelling development - Every sound is represented but lacking the complete knowledge of conventional orthography (example: sede for seed) Writing Stage 1 - Imitation (preschool-first grade)— pretending to write, can organize letters and shapes in a line Writing Stage 3 - Progressive Incorporation (late second to fourth grade)—students gradually incorporate standards of mechanics; little advanced planning