EGEE 101 Exam 3 terms
emission trading - answerbringing new parts to less efficient countries to increase
efficiency. it is paid for and then claimed for credit of emission reduction.
biomass - answerreplanting forests to offset Carbon sinking. advantages: increased
employment, increased security of energy, increased fossil fuel lifetime, net carbon
dioxide neutral, less pollution.
methane - answercontributes to increased concentration in atmosphere. capture the
methane for use instead of allowing leaks. livestock and landfills contribute the most
leakage.
sequestration - answerlocking away CO2 to keep it from entering the atmosphere.
storage of CO2: ocean, minerals, depleted oil and gas wells, brine fields, coal fields,
carbon sinks. power plants: air mixed with nitrogen... we want the oxygen but it's costly
to separate.
sequestration: the ocean - answerneed more plankton to fertilize and trap CO2 as they
decay for carbon cycle. this is a carbon sink, there's more carbon in the ocean than in
the atmosphere.
3 processes of ocean sequestration - answer1. carbon sink through fertilization 2. inject
CO2 into ocean to form hydrates 3. inject CO2 into bottom of ocean to form CO2
underwater lake.
sequestration: oil fields - answersmall holes in oil fields can be filled with CO2. if the
field is still producing the gas aids in extraction of crude through pressure. otherwise
cap the methane leaks.
sequestration: brine fields - answersaline formations. estimated saline storage capacity
in the US is large and most existing CO2 point sources are within easy access to a
saline injection point. Sleipner West Heimdel gas reservoir of the Norwegian oil
company Statoil is the only commercial CO2 geological sequestration facility.
sequestration: coal - answerlarge cracks and pores in coal allows permeability. CO2 is
attracted to the coal micropore and doesn't need much space to bounce around, it
wants to associate so we can fill more volume than we could with empty space. kicks
out methane too, sequester coal, collect methane. cost is slightly high and would
increase the cost of electricity.
, conservation - answerif we conserve, we use less, if we use less, we pollute less.
reduction - answerachieved through economic depression, kind weather.
reducing N2O - answerNOx consists of NO N2O and NO2. N2O is the greenhouse gas
of the three. solutions include: NOx removal (acid deposition), mitigation, prevention are
applicable to N2O.
nuclear - answer% of power supplied will decrease. output will remain the same but %
contribution will decrease and decommissioning reactors and plants will result in a loss
of capacity.
smog - answerground level ozone. it's harmful.
ozone - answersecondary pollutant, aka is formed by released pollutant interaction.
NOx + unburned hydrocarbons or VOC (volatile organic compounds) --->SUNLIGHT =
O3.
smog requires - answerwarm temps, sunlight, VOC, NOx natural and anthropological
emission.
killer smog - answercombines with ozone and sulphate aerosols.
temperature inversion - answerlayer of warm air acts as lid containing pollutants over a
layer of cool air. ground level temp warms up faster than the air above it, pushing the air
upwards, breaking the warm air layer, allowing pollutants to escape.
solution to ozone damage - answerstop using damaging chemicals (CFCs chloroflouro
carbons).
reducing VOCs - answerreduce volatility of gasoline fuel. don't overfill the tank to
prevent spills. fill up at times when smog formation opportunities are at their lowest
(evening hours). oxygenated fuel allows less fuel to escape the combustion process so
less VOCs.
reducing NOx - answeroxygenated fuels. alternative fuels. catalytic converter. improved
catalytic converters. hybrid cars. emission free vehicles. getting old cars off the road.
efficiency and conservation.
fluidized bed combustion - answertechnique utilizes low combustion temps. produce
less NOx. use of limestone captures SO2. ash can be used to neutralize old mines.
addition of catalyst building - answercatalytic reactors run during summer months to
remove NOx concentration. they're expensive.
emission trading - answerbringing new parts to less efficient countries to increase
efficiency. it is paid for and then claimed for credit of emission reduction.
biomass - answerreplanting forests to offset Carbon sinking. advantages: increased
employment, increased security of energy, increased fossil fuel lifetime, net carbon
dioxide neutral, less pollution.
methane - answercontributes to increased concentration in atmosphere. capture the
methane for use instead of allowing leaks. livestock and landfills contribute the most
leakage.
sequestration - answerlocking away CO2 to keep it from entering the atmosphere.
storage of CO2: ocean, minerals, depleted oil and gas wells, brine fields, coal fields,
carbon sinks. power plants: air mixed with nitrogen... we want the oxygen but it's costly
to separate.
sequestration: the ocean - answerneed more plankton to fertilize and trap CO2 as they
decay for carbon cycle. this is a carbon sink, there's more carbon in the ocean than in
the atmosphere.
3 processes of ocean sequestration - answer1. carbon sink through fertilization 2. inject
CO2 into ocean to form hydrates 3. inject CO2 into bottom of ocean to form CO2
underwater lake.
sequestration: oil fields - answersmall holes in oil fields can be filled with CO2. if the
field is still producing the gas aids in extraction of crude through pressure. otherwise
cap the methane leaks.
sequestration: brine fields - answersaline formations. estimated saline storage capacity
in the US is large and most existing CO2 point sources are within easy access to a
saline injection point. Sleipner West Heimdel gas reservoir of the Norwegian oil
company Statoil is the only commercial CO2 geological sequestration facility.
sequestration: coal - answerlarge cracks and pores in coal allows permeability. CO2 is
attracted to the coal micropore and doesn't need much space to bounce around, it
wants to associate so we can fill more volume than we could with empty space. kicks
out methane too, sequester coal, collect methane. cost is slightly high and would
increase the cost of electricity.
, conservation - answerif we conserve, we use less, if we use less, we pollute less.
reduction - answerachieved through economic depression, kind weather.
reducing N2O - answerNOx consists of NO N2O and NO2. N2O is the greenhouse gas
of the three. solutions include: NOx removal (acid deposition), mitigation, prevention are
applicable to N2O.
nuclear - answer% of power supplied will decrease. output will remain the same but %
contribution will decrease and decommissioning reactors and plants will result in a loss
of capacity.
smog - answerground level ozone. it's harmful.
ozone - answersecondary pollutant, aka is formed by released pollutant interaction.
NOx + unburned hydrocarbons or VOC (volatile organic compounds) --->SUNLIGHT =
O3.
smog requires - answerwarm temps, sunlight, VOC, NOx natural and anthropological
emission.
killer smog - answercombines with ozone and sulphate aerosols.
temperature inversion - answerlayer of warm air acts as lid containing pollutants over a
layer of cool air. ground level temp warms up faster than the air above it, pushing the air
upwards, breaking the warm air layer, allowing pollutants to escape.
solution to ozone damage - answerstop using damaging chemicals (CFCs chloroflouro
carbons).
reducing VOCs - answerreduce volatility of gasoline fuel. don't overfill the tank to
prevent spills. fill up at times when smog formation opportunities are at their lowest
(evening hours). oxygenated fuel allows less fuel to escape the combustion process so
less VOCs.
reducing NOx - answeroxygenated fuels. alternative fuels. catalytic converter. improved
catalytic converters. hybrid cars. emission free vehicles. getting old cars off the road.
efficiency and conservation.
fluidized bed combustion - answertechnique utilizes low combustion temps. produce
less NOx. use of limestone captures SO2. ash can be used to neutralize old mines.
addition of catalyst building - answercatalytic reactors run during summer months to
remove NOx concentration. they're expensive.
