Uitgebreide samenvatting van de colleges van het minor vak Psychological and Neurobiological consequences of Child Abuse. Dit van is onderdeel van de minor Kindermishandeling en Verwaarlozing over de levensloop. Alles is overzichtelijk weergegeven met alle bronnen en plaatjes erbij.
Physiological and Neurobiological Consequences of Child Abuse
College Aantekeningen – Pedagogische Wetenschappen
Inhoud
Lecture 1: Introduction .................................................................................................................. 2
Lecture 2: Neurobiological consequences ............................................................................... 10
Cognitive level .......................................................................................................................... 10
Neurobiological Level .............................................................................................................. 12
HPA-as........................................................................................................................................ 19
Lecture 3: Stress and HPA-axis ................................................................................................... 22
Lecture 4: Genetic Vulnerability & Resilience Epigenetics ...................................................... 33
Nature versus Nurture .............................................................................................................. 34
Introduction to genetics .......................................................................................................... 34
Genetic vulnerability / resilience in psychology ................................................................... 38
Epigenetics (methylation) ........................................................................................................ 44
Lecture 5: Childhood maltreatment and Borderline Personality Disorder ........................... 47
Lecture 6: Physical Health and Aging ........................................................................................ 57
Behavioural pathways .............................................................................................................. 58
Social pathways ........................................................................................................................ 59
Cognitive pathways .................................................................................................................. 61
Emotional Pathways ................................................................................................................. 62
Lecture 7: Long-term impact sexual abuse .............................................................................. 67
Lecture 8: Psychological effects of child abuse - diagnosis and treatment in adults ........... 77
Diagnostics ................................................................................................................................ 77
Treatment of consequences of childhood abuse ................................................................. 79
1
,Lecture 1: Introduction
Course goal
- Illustrate and explain the consequences of the different forms of childhood
maltreatment within the domains of cognition, emotion, social behaviour, and
physical health
- Describe the psychological and neurobiological models that aim to explain the
long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment and individual differences in
risk and resilience
- Summarize and discuss different forms of psychotherapy that address the
consequences of childhood maltreatment.
- Learn about different research methods and their potential use in studying the
longterm consequences of childhood maltreatment.
- Getting familiarized with reading scientific literature
Set-up of the course
- Knowledge based = largely self-study!
o Scientific literature on Brightspace (listed per week)
o Book Bruce Perry including case studies
- Use the Discussion Forum to study:
o Send your questions about the literature in advance of the lecture
o Practice questions about the book
▪ Answers should come from the group
▪ Reviewed at the end of the week
- Weekly Lectures
o (Guest) lectures: connection of topics to the field
o Researchers / Clinicians
Literature: see Brightspace
Scientific papers:
- Objectives:
o Stimulate evidence-based practice
o Get familiar with reading scientific literature
- 1) Research results
o Focus on theoretical reasoning, main outcomes and conclusions
o Specific methods are less important, but needed to understand and
interpret the results
- 2) Review papers
o Focus on theory, consensus among studies, and conclusions
o No knowledge of the separately discussed papers is needed
Book
- Perry & Szalavitz (2007). The boy who was raised as a dog.
o Not a classic study book
o Examples (case studies) of the consequences of abuse and neglect and its
neurobiological background
o Discussion Forum on BS: a medium to integrate book with lecture topics
Relationship between parent and child (mostly mothers)
Importance of good (enough) Parenting
- Emotional interactions with caretaker fundament for later development (Bowlby,
1969)
o Form attachment
o Establish sense of safety and security
o Learn to regulate own emotions
o Understand emotional states of others (through modelling)
o Learn to trust others
o Learn empathy
Why, learn about the long term consequences of childhood abuse and neglect??
3
, Definition childhood maltreatment
Any act of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm,
potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. Harm does not need to be intended. -
Gilbert et al., 2009
Omission versus Commision
Types of maltreatment
- Emotional neglect
o ‘Failure to meet a child's emotional needs and failure to protect a child from
violence in the home or neighbourhood’
- Physical Neglect
o ‘Failure to meet a child's basic physical, medical/dental, or educational
needs; failure to provide adequate nutrition, hygiene, or shelter’
- Emotional abuse
o ‘Intentional behaviour that conveys to a child that he/she is worthless,
flawed, unloved, unwanted, endangered, or valued only in meeting
another's needs’
- Physical abuse
o ‘Intentional use of physical force or implements against a child that results
in, or has the potential to result in, physical injury’
- Sexual abuse
o ‘Any completed or attempted sexual act, sexual contact, or non-contact
sexual interaction with a child by a caregiver
Prevalence of childhood maltreatment - World Health Organisation
4
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