College aantekeningen

College Aantekeningen: Psychological and Neurobiological consequences of Child Abuse

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Instelling
Universiteit Leiden (UL)

Uitgebreide samenvatting van de colleges van het minor vak Psychological and Neurobiological consequences of Child Abuse. Dit van is onderdeel van de minor Kindermishandeling en Verwaarlozing over de levensloop. Alles is overzichtelijk weergegeven met alle bronnen en plaatjes erbij.

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Geupload op 27 januari 2022
Aantal pagina's 83
Geschreven in 2021/2022
Type College aantekeningen
Docent(en) Marieke tollenaar
Bevat Alle colleges

minor kindermishandleing
pedagogiek
college slides
college aantekningen
psychological and neurobiological consequences of child abuse

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Physiological and Neurobiological Consequences of Child Abuse
College Aantekeningen – Pedagogische Wetenschappen

Inhoud
Lecture 1: Introduction .................................................................................................................. 2
Lecture 2: Neurobiological consequences ............................................................................... 10
Cognitive level .......................................................................................................................... 10
Neurobiological Level .............................................................................................................. 12
HPA-as........................................................................................................................................ 19
Lecture 3: Stress and HPA-axis ................................................................................................... 22
Lecture 4: Genetic Vulnerability & Resilience Epigenetics ...................................................... 33
Nature versus Nurture .............................................................................................................. 34
Introduction to genetics .......................................................................................................... 34
Genetic vulnerability / resilience in psychology ................................................................... 38
Epigenetics (methylation) ........................................................................................................ 44
Lecture 5: Childhood maltreatment and Borderline Personality Disorder ........................... 47
Lecture 6: Physical Health and Aging ........................................................................................ 57
Behavioural pathways .............................................................................................................. 58
Social pathways ........................................................................................................................ 59
Cognitive pathways .................................................................................................................. 61
Emotional Pathways ................................................................................................................. 62
Lecture 7: Long-term impact sexual abuse .............................................................................. 67
Lecture 8: Psychological effects of child abuse - diagnosis and treatment in adults ........... 77
Diagnostics ................................................................................................................................ 77
Treatment of consequences of childhood abuse ................................................................. 79

1

,Lecture 1: Introduction
Course goal

- Illustrate and explain the consequences of the different forms of childhood
maltreatment within the domains of cognition, emotion, social behaviour, and
physical health
- Describe the psychological and neurobiological models that aim to explain the
long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment and individual differences in
risk and resilience
- Summarize and discuss different forms of psychotherapy that address the
consequences of childhood maltreatment.
- Learn about different research methods and their potential use in studying the
longterm consequences of childhood maltreatment.
- Getting familiarized with reading scientific literature

Set-up of the course

- Knowledge based = largely self-study!
o Scientific literature on Brightspace (listed per week)
o Book Bruce Perry including case studies
- Use the Discussion Forum to study:
o Send your questions about the literature in advance of the lecture
o Practice questions about the book
▪ Answers should come from the group
▪ Reviewed at the end of the week
- Weekly Lectures
o (Guest) lectures: connection of topics to the field
o Researchers / Clinicians

Literature: see Brightspace

Scientific papers:

- Objectives:
o Stimulate evidence-based practice
o Get familiar with reading scientific literature
- 1) Research results
o Focus on theoretical reasoning, main outcomes and conclusions
o Specific methods are less important, but needed to understand and
interpret the results
- 2) Review papers
o Focus on theory, consensus among studies, and conclusions
o No knowledge of the separately discussed papers is needed

Book

- Perry & Szalavitz (2007). The boy who was raised as a dog.
o Not a classic study book
o Examples (case studies) of the consequences of abuse and neglect and its
neurobiological background
o Discussion Forum on BS: a medium to integrate book with lecture topics

2

,Contents:

- Background (Terminology, Prevalence)
- Psychological Disorders after Maltreatment
- Underlying Mechanism

Relationship between parent and child (mostly mothers)

Importance of good (enough) Parenting

- Emotional interactions with caretaker fundament for later development (Bowlby,
1969)
o Form attachment
o Establish sense of safety and security
o Learn to regulate own emotions
o Understand emotional states of others (through modelling)
o Learn to trust others
o Learn empathy

Why, learn about the long term consequences of childhood abuse and neglect??

3

, Definition childhood maltreatment

Any act of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm,
potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. Harm does not need to be intended. -
Gilbert et al., 2009

Omission versus Commision

Types of maltreatment

- Emotional neglect
o ‘Failure to meet a child's emotional needs and failure to protect a child from
violence in the home or neighbourhood’
- Physical Neglect
o ‘Failure to meet a child's basic physical, medical/dental, or educational
needs; failure to provide adequate nutrition, hygiene, or shelter’
- Emotional abuse
o ‘Intentional behaviour that conveys to a child that he/she is worthless,
flawed, unloved, unwanted, endangered, or valued only in meeting
another's needs’
- Physical abuse
o ‘Intentional use of physical force or implements against a child that results
in, or has the potential to result in, physical injury’
- Sexual abuse
o ‘Any completed or attempted sexual act, sexual contact, or non-contact
sexual interaction with a child by a caregiver

Prevalence of childhood maltreatment - World Health Organisation

4

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