This summary contains chapter 10 of Babbie's The Basics of Social Science Research. It's about qualitative research and covers the entire chapter. I made it to help me study for my ISSR exam (IBCoM) and got an 8.6.
Good luck with studying!
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN QUALITATIVE FIELD RESEARCH
The various roles of the observer
Complete participant = a genuine participant in what they are studying or someone who pretends to
be a genuine participant.
→ the other participants wouldn’t know you’re a researcher.
→ ethical issues bla bla bla.
→ no threat of reactivity = the problem that the subjects of social research may react to the
fact of being studied, thus altering their behavior from what it would have been normally.
→ however, you may affect what you’re studying with your actions.
Qualitative field research paradigms
Naturalism = an approach to field research based on the assumption that an objective social reality
exists and can be observed and reported accurately.
→ ethnography = a report on social life that focuses on detailed and accurate description
rather than explanation.
Ethnomethodology = an approach to the study of social life that focuses on the discovery of implicit
– usually unspoken – assumptions and agreements.
→ often involves the intentional breaking of agreements as a way of revealing their existence.
Grounded theory = an inductive approach to the study of social life that attempts to generate a theory
from the constant comparing of unfolding observations.
Case study = the in-depth examination of a single instance of some social phenomenon, such as a
village, a family or a juvenile gang.
→ extended case method = a technique developed by Michael Burawoy in which case study
observations are used to discover flaws in, and then improve, existing social theories.
Institutional ethnography = a research technique in which the personal experiences of individuals
are used to reveal power relationships and other characteristics of the institutions within which they
operate.
Participatory action research (PAR) = an approach to social research in which the people being
studied are given control over the purpose and procedures of the research.
→ intended as a counter to the implicit view that researchers are superior to those they study.
Emancipatory research = research conducted for the purpose of benefiting disadvantaged groups.
CONDUCTING QUALITATIVE FIELD RESEARCH
1. Preparing the field.
→ rapport = an open and trusting relationship; especially important in qualitative research
between researchers and the people they’re observing.
2. Qualitative interview = contrasted with survey interviewing, the qualitative interview is
based on a set of topics to be discussed in depth rather than the use of standardized questions.
3. Focus group = a group of subjects interviewed together, prompting a discussion. The
technique is frequently used by market researchers, who ask a group of consumers to evaluate
a product or discuss a type of commodity.
4. Recording observations.
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