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Summary European Governance in International context
- Instelling
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
I took this course as a minor in my third year but I was following it with second year who were studying political science
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Everything that is written in blue are notes from the book!!lecture 1 - History of European integration + governance
Lecture 3 - Theories of European integration and governance
Lecture 4: part 1 = council/ part 2=commission/ part 3= the court of justice/ part 4- european
parliament
lecture 5 - part 1 policy making/ part 2- democracy + democratic deficit
lecture 6 - economic + monetary union
lecture 7 - the area of freedom, security and justice + policies
lecture 8 - the common commercial policy of european union
lecture 9 - common foreign + security policy
lecture 10 - enlargement
lecture 11 - withdrawal from eu
EU Pionners:
- Konrad Adenauer:
- First chancellor of the federal republic of Germany -> who stoof at the head of the
newly formed state from 1949-63
- Changed the face of post war German and European history more than any other
individual
- 1963: Cornerstone=> Foreign policy => reconciliation with France, Charles de Gaulle
=> signed a treaty of friendship
- 1963: Elysée treaty -> treaty of friendship => way to reintegrate post nazi germany
into international life
- Joseph Bech:
- How a small country can play a crucial role in European integration
- Luxembourgish politician that helped set up the European coal and steel community
in the early 1950s and a leading architect behind european integration in the later
1950
- Memorandum from the Benelux countries that led to the convening of the Messina
conference in June 1955 -> paving the way for the European Economic Community
- Benelux Union:
- Belgium, NL, Luxembourg
- The messina conference: treaty of Rome, forming the European Economic
community
- Treaty of Rome signed on 25 march 1957 -> Spaak report became the basis for the
intergovernmental conference which drafted the treaties on a common market and
atomic energy cooperation
- Johan Willem Beyen, a plan for a common market
- a banker
- Dutch Minister of Finance ( 1920s) and Minister of Foreign Affairs
- The Beyen Plan >> Economic and political cooperation in Europe >> e
European Defence Community and the discussions on the European Political
Community in the early 1950s
, - a common market for everything, along the lines of the cooperation between
Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg created in the ‘Benelux’
agreement in 1944.
- in 1946 he represented the Netherlands on the board of the World Bank and
from 1948 played the same role at the International Monetary Fund.
- six countries signed the Treaties of Rome in March 1957 and created the
European Economic Community and Euratom.
- Winston Churchill: calling for a United States of Europe
- Creation of a Council of Europe as a first step. In 1948, in The Hague>>
creation of the Council of Europe on 5 May 194
- Messina Conference in 1955, which led to the Treaty of Rome two years later
- ‘European army’ designed to protect the continent and provide European
diplomacy with some muscle
- Nicole Fontaine, politician and educator
- She argued for an ‘ambitious approach aimed at providing the Union with a
charter of fundamental rights’. In December 2000 she signed the Charter of
Fundamental Rights on behalf of the European Parliament.
- Peace talks with Israel and palestina > Strasbourg in 2000.
- Jean Monnet, the unifying force behind the birth of the European Union
- Monnet Plan: In 1944 he took charge of the national modernisation and
development plan aimed at reviving the French economy and rebuilding the
country after the war.
- The Schuman declaration > Under growing international tensions, Monnet
recognised that it was time to take real steps towards European unity and he
and his team began work on the concept of a European Community.
R.Schuman 1950>> to place all German-French production of coal and steel
under one High Authority. >> the production of these resources was shared by
the two most powerful countries on the continent, it would prevent any future
war. As the governments of Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and
Luxembourg replied favourably, this declaration laid the basis for the
European Coal and Steel Community, the predecessor to the European
Economic Community and subsequent European Union.
- 1954: ‘Action Committee for the United States of Europe’> creation of the
Common Market, the European Monetary System, the summits in the
European Council and election to the European Parliament by universal
suffrage.
- Robert Schuman, the architect of the European integration project
- The Schuman Plan (May 1950s) He proposed joint control of coal and steel
production, the most important materials for the armaments industry.>> The
basic idea was that whoever did not have control over coal and steel
production would not be able to fight a war.
, - The six states signed the agreement for the European Coal and Steel
Community in Paris in April 1951. In this way, Europe began as a peace
initiative
- ‘Schuman Declaration’ in which he proposed to Germany and the rest of the
European countries to work together towards a merger of their economic
interests> He was convinced
- that when these were tied together, it would render war ‘not merely
unthinkable, but materially impossible’.
- 1951, the six founding members signed the Treaty of Paris. It created the
European Coal and Steel Community - Europe’s first supranational
Community.
- 9 May 1950, this day has been designated as ‘Europe Day’.
History of the European Union
- 1945 - 1959
- A peaceful Europe - The beginnings of cooperation
- European coal and steel community begins to unite european countries
- Six founding countries: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and
NL
- 1950 - dominated by cold war
- 1957 - Treaty of Rome creates EEC (common market)
- 1960 - 1969
- A period of economic growth
- Eu countries stopped charging customers duties
- Agree to joint control over food production
- 1968: student riots in Paris
- 1970 - 1979
- A growing community - the first enlargement
- Denmark, UK, Ireland joined EU
- 1973- arab Israel war leads to energy crisis and economic problems
- last right wing dictatorships came to an end
- 1979 citizens can elect their members directly for the first time
- fight against pollution intensifies
- 1980 - 1989
- The changing face of Europe - the fall of Berlin Wall
- Polish trade union
- Greece joins, five years later Spain and Portugal follow
- 1986: Single European act is signed
- Berlin Wall comes down
- 1990 - 1999
- a europe without frontiers
- collapse of communism
, - 1993: single market is completed with the four freedom of:
1. movements of goods
2. services
3. people
4. money
- 1993 - Maastricht treaty + 1999 Treaty of amsterdam
- 1995 - Austria, finland and sweden joins
- Schengen agreement
- 2000 - 2009
- further expansions
- Europe as new currency
- post 9/11 countries work closer together to fight crime
- 2004 - 10 countries joins
- 2007 - ROmania and Bulgaria joins
- 2008 - economic crisis
- Treaty of lisbon is ratified
- 2010 - 2019
- a challenging decade
- global economic crisis strike hard
- establishes banking union
- 2012 -> EU awarded noble peace prize
- 2013 -> croation joins
- climate change high on the agenda
- EU refugee influx
- 2020 - today
- the covid 19 pandamic and the road to recovery
Lecture 1 - History of European Integration
Before and During the war
- Nation states versus Europe -> travel between Paris, Rome. Berlin, London like within a
single country
- The united states of America - federalism
- WWI (the war to end all wars) - Pan Europa Movement
- Churchill during the WWII
- Resistance against Nazi Germany
- A working peace system - Functionalism
After the second world war
- 1946 Churchills speech at the Zurich University on a United Europe
We must build a kind of United States of Europe => Churchill positions EK outside
of EU cause sees UK as a continent by itself
- 1947, March Treaty of Dunkirk signed => commitment of the UK to save France as they
feared German revival after the WWII
- Marshall Aid is given to Europe by the USA -> USA pushing European integration
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