College aantekeningen

Knowledge clips Solidarity and Social Justice in Contemporary Societies

0 keer verkocht

Instelling
Universiteit Utrecht (UU)

Complete notes of the knowledge clips for the exam of the course Solidarity and Social Justice in Contemporary Societies.

[Meer zien]

Voorbeeld 3 van de 21 pagina's

Bekijk voorbeeld

Geupload op 19 mei 2023
Aantal pagina's 21
Geschreven in 2022/2023
Type College aantekeningen
Docent(en) Michèlle bal and mara yerkes
Bevat Alle colleges

isw
sociologie
sociology
kennis clips
knowledge clips
ssj
solidarity and social justice in contemporary societies
interdisciplinaire sociale wetenschap
interdisciplinary social sciences

Volgen

fvz0708 Lid sinds 1 jaar 25 documenten verkocht

KNOWLEDGE CLIPS WEEK 1: SOLIDARITY
CLIP 1.1: HISTORICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL ROOTS
Solidarity
- What is it?
- Where does it come from?
 Sociological and historical roots
 Durkheim: mechanical vs. organic solidarity

Historical roots of solidarity
- Shared aims and interests (common identity)
- Family/kinship
- Fraternity (brotherhood)
o From Christian to political value
- Community
o Gemeinshaft = shared life experiences (work, community);
Community; a willingness to share resources
o Gesellschaft = society (solidarity as a moral principle
underlying society (and the welfare state))
o Shift from gemeinshaft to gesellshaft

Sociological roots of solidarity
- Solidarity: sociological critique of social contract
o (Hobbes, Locke, Spencer)
o Social contract = implicit societal agreement about sharing
resources
- Leroux, Comte, Tönnies
o Leroux: shared values
o Leroux : too much emphasis on individual  we are dependent
and interdependent
o Comte: solidarity as an integrative mechanism in society
o Tönnies: gemeinshaft and gesellshaft
- Durkheim
o Mechanical vs. organic solidarity
o Solidarity as normative, integrative mechanism

Durkheim: mechanical solidarity
- Pre-industrial (traditional) society
o Reliance on agriculture
- Little differentiation – sameness
- Collective consciousness
o Shared sets of beliefs, norms and ideas
- Material element: people are alike
- Subjective element: people think alike

Durkheim: organic solidarity
- Modern (industrial) society
- Specialization/high degree of differentiation/division of labor
o Less self-sufficient, more reliability on others

, - Individual consciousness
- Interdependence

CLIP 1.2: FORMS OF SOLIDARITY – A SOCIOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVE
Forms of solidarity
- Human solidarity
o Ties between us as human beings
o More naturalistic foundation
 Family ties, blood relations
- Social solidarity
o Cohesive element in society
o Integrative mechanism
- Political solidarity
o Standing up for their shared interests
 Collectively arguing and active role taking
- Civic solidarity
o Welfare state solidarity
o Welfare state distributes resources
o Normative
 Critiques
- There does not seem to be much of a distinction between the
subjects and objects of solidarity
o Unclear who is being solidaristic to who
o Are we talking about giving or receiving solidarity?
- Assumption that each of these four forms of solidarity is somehow
exclusive
o Solidarity can also be inclusive

Exclusive vs. inclusive solidarity
- Exclusionary ingroup solidarity
o = solidarity that exists between a group of people, based on
shared identity, common interests or social-cultural or
territorial heritage
o Than it excludes those who do not share that identity
- Inclusionary outgroup solidarity
o = solidaristic with groups/individuals who do have different
identities, interests, or social/territorial heritage
- EX refugees from Ukraine vs. other countries
o Exclusionary ingroup solidarity  exclusion of other refugees
o Inclusionary outgroup solidarity  Ukrainian refugees are
welcome
 What solidarity entails changes across time and socio-cultural contexts
 When does solidarity become contested and debated?
 Social identifications, interests, and socio-cultural contexts (power
relations, scarcity of sources and media) triggers or thrives social
justice and solidarity as well as a form of boundary drawing between
us and them

, With whom are we solidaristic?
- Citizenship rights  ‘we’ is defined by the application of citizenship
rights
o = citizens’ rights to have basic needs fulfilled, as a right of
citizenship, rather than charity
 We are recognized as citizens of a nation’s state
o Social citizenship rights = minimum standard of living
 EX right of employment and education, housing and tax
benefits etc.
 Differ across welfare states
o Civil citizenship rights = define who is included and excluded
 Guarantee our right to a quality under the law
- Boundary drawing = who deserves our protection and who doesn’t?
o At a time where demand for protection is high  demand to
pay really close attention to the way in which we are
distributing welfare resources
 Macro-level example
o Not only culture, ethnicity or race, but also in other roots of
identification  gender, age, sexual orientation etc.
o Tells us about inclusion and exclusion

CLIP 1.3: THE SOCIAL IDENTITY APPROACH: THE BASICS
Social Identity Approach
- Individual Identity vs. social Identity
o Individual  idiosyncratic, what makes you unique
o Social  group based, the group that you belong to
- Ingroups vs. outgroups
o Based on social identities
o “Us” vs. “them”
- Minimal group paradigm
o Experiment: people are allocated into groups on the basis of
meaningless arbitrary criteria (eye color, blue/red caps)
o Creating a group is easy
o When you are assigned to a group, you start acting as a group
- Functions of groups:
o Uncertainty reduction/sense-making
 Guidance in social world, how to act, who you can trust
o Affiliation/need to belong
 Not being able to affiliate has severe psychological and
sociological consequences
o (Optimal distinctiveness)
 Inclusion
 Need for positive distinctiveness, feeling unique 
individuality
 Mid-size groups  feel part of a group, but also feel like
individual
o Striving for positive self-concept

Dit zijn jouw voordelen als je samenvattingen koopt bij Stuvia:

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Studenten hebben al meer dan 850.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet jij zeker dat je de beste keuze maakt!

In een paar klikken geregeld

Geen gedoe — betaal gewoon eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of je Stuvia-tegoed en je bent klaar. Geen abonnement nodig.

Direct to-the-point

Studenten maken samenvattingen voor studenten. Dat betekent: actuele inhoud waar jij écht wat aan hebt. Geen overbodige details!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper fvz0708. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €5,92. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 69052 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 15 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Begin nu gratis

College aantekeningen

Knowledge clips Solidarity and Social Justice in Contemporary Societies

Document informatie

Onderwerpen

Gekoppeld boek

Geschreven voor

Verkoper

Ontvangen beoordelingen

Voorbeeld van de inhoud