Structured summary of the literature and the articles of all the problems lecture notes. The summary is written in English, but easy to understand for Dutch students too (coming from a Dutch student :) )
ERASMUS SCHOOL OF SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES
Psychology
,Inhoud
The Birds and the Bees........................................................................................... 3
Summary Book Chapters..................................................................................... 3
Genotype and Phenotype................................................................................. 3
Gene and chromosomal abnormalities.............................................................4
Pregnancy........................................................................................................ 5
It’s just emotions taking me over…........................................................................6
Summary Book Chapters..................................................................................... 6
Basic and secondary emotions.........................................................................6
Differences in emotions................................................................................... 8
Attachment (not) included...................................................................................... 9
Summary Book Chapters..................................................................................... 9
Attachment...................................................................................................... 9
Attachment types........................................................................................... 10
Reflexive behaviour....................................................................................... 11
Summary Articles.............................................................................................. 12
Species-Specific Innate Behavior – Miller (2001)............................................12
Postpartum depression effects on early interactions, parenting, and safety
practices – Field (2010).................................................................................. 14
The sun is tired..................................................................................................... 15
Summary Book Chapters................................................................................... 15
Cognitive-developmental Theory – Piaget......................................................15
Sociocultural Theory – Vygotsky....................................................................18
Core Knowledge Perspective..........................................................................20
Shakespeare to be................................................................................................ 20
Summary Book Chapters................................................................................... 20
Language components................................................................................... 20
Theories of Language Development...............................................................21
Prelinguistic development: birth – 12 months................................................22
The Holophrase Period: 12-17 months...........................................................23
The Telegraphic Period: 18 – 24 months........................................................24
Preschool Period: 2.5 – 5 years......................................................................25
Middle Childhood – Adolescence: 6 – 14 years...............................................25
And now the moral(ity) of the story......................................................................27
Summary Book Chapters................................................................................... 27
Piaget’s Theory.............................................................................................. 27
Kohlberg’s Theory.......................................................................................... 28
1
, Summary Articles.............................................................................................. 30
Kohlberg’s stages of moral development – Crain (1985)................................30
Role of Social Moral Intuitions and Perspective-Taking – Cingel, Krcmar (2017)
....................................................................................................................... 31
Kim or Kanye?...................................................................................................... 31
Summary Book Chapters................................................................................... 31
Sex differences............................................................................................... 31
Development.................................................................................................. 32
Gender-typing/role Theories...........................................................................33
Summary Articles.............................................................................................. 36
Sex differences in the adolescent brain – Lenroot, Giedd (2010)...................36
When puberty hits................................................................................................ 36
Summary Book Chapters................................................................................... 36
Sexual maturation.......................................................................................... 37
Brain Development........................................................................................ 39
Risk Behaviour............................................................................................... 39
Summary Articles.............................................................................................. 40
Adolescent Neurodevelopment – Spear (2013)..............................................40
Weekly Lecture Notes........................................................................................... 41
OPENING LECTURE............................................................................................ 41
Opening.......................................................................................................... 41
History of Developmental Psychology............................................................41
LECTURE 2: Early determinants of brain development......................................42
Prenatal brain development...........................................................................42
Disturbances in prenatal development..........................................................43
Proposed mechanisms................................................................................... 44
LECTURE 3: Attachment in families with psychiatric problems.........................44
Attachment Theory........................................................................................ 44
Parental influence on attachment..................................................................45
LECTURE 4: Delinquent behaviour in adolescence............................................46
Factors in development.................................................................................. 47
Q&A Lecture...................................................................................................... 47
Mix between domains.................................................................................... 47
Exam.............................................................................................................. 48
Review Assignments............................................................................................. 48
Birds and bees................................................................................................... 48
Attachment....................................................................................................... 49
The Birds and the Bees
Summary Book Chapters
Genotype and Phenotype
An individual’s genotype, their inherited genetic information, shows forth in their
measurable characteristics called the phenotype. When the phenotype is being
determined by several genes, this is called polygenic.
The genes form the genotype and a pair of genes are called alleles. Alleles have a
specific variation and when the pair is of the same version they are homozygote and
when they are of two different versions this is called
heterozygote.
A dominant allele’s characteristics are expressed
in the phenotype if the gene pair is homo- or
heterozygote. A recessive allele only comes to
expression when part of a heterozygote genotype.
Codominance dominance is if both alleles come out in
the phenotype – white cow with brown spots
Incomplete is a form of intermediate inheritance in which
one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over its
paired allele. This results in a phenotype in which the expressed
physical trait is a combination of the phenotypes of both alleles.
Like how a red and white flower make a pink one.
In the gene pair, one allele is from the mother and the other from the
father. The parent’s gametes carried one member of each pair of genes.
DNA is built up of four
nitrogen-based nucleotides.
A chain of DNA is called a
chromosome which are
threadlike structures and
there are 46 in the nucleus of
every body cell – paired up to
23.
A karyotype shows a
photomicrograph of the
chromosomes and shows that
there are 22 autosome pairs
and 1 pair sex
chromosomes (x and y).
The process of cells dividing
is called mitosis. Each
chromosome replicates to
form two chromosomes with
identical genetics.
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