Metagenomics - Samenvattingen, Aantekeningen en Examens

Comprehensive lecture notes for the Metagenomics module covered in MCB3026F. These notes cover all content taught in lectures as well as additional materials (powerpoints, textbooks) required to succeed. These notes were created by a student who achieved a distinction in this course.

Prescott's Microbiology, 11e (Willey) Chapter 1 The Evolution of Microorganisms and Microbiology 1) Extant microorganisms are organisms from the fossil record that are no longer present on Earth today. Answer: FALSE Topic: Taxonomy of Microorganisms Bloom's/Accessibility: 2. Understand / Keyboard Navigation ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution ASM Objective: 01.05 The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees. Learning Outcome: 01.02a Propose a timeline of the ori...

Cultivation independent methods - DNA from unculturable bacteria can be amplified and sequenced by PCR Sequences can be used to produce fluorescent probes that will bind to complementary DNA (Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization FISH) FISH - Cells fixed in place Fluorescently labeled probes consisting of 165 rRNA gene sequence sent to attach to RNA View in Epifluorescence microscope Metagenomics - DNA is isolated from an environmental sample and sequenced Metagenomic information must stil...

How have humans influenced the water cycle? - ️️Hydroelectric dams, tapping aquifers, deforestation Estuaries, losing evapotranspiration What are the 4 main human caused factors to the loss of biodiversity? - ️️Habitat Destruction, Invasive Species, Pollution, Overexploitation What is Biomagnification? - ️️Tendency of certain chemicals to accumulate or build up within food chains What is the other name for the global water cycle? - ️️Hydrological cycle Where does most of ...

FISH - Cells fixed in place Fluorescently labeled probes consisting of 165 rRNA gene sequence sent to attach to RNA View in Epifluorescence microscope Cultivation independent methods - DNA from unculturable bacteria can be amplified and sequenced by PCR Sequences can be used to produce fluorescent probes that will bind to complementary DNA (Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization FISH) Microbial consortia - Microbes that can't grow on their own Metagenomics - DNA is isolated from an envir...

16S rDNA sequencing: measures species identity and abundance used to profile names and relative levels of bacteria Metagenomics (sequencing): survey of DNA in a sample; measures functional potential of the community Metatranscriptomics (sequencing): survey of mRNA in a sample; measures activity of the community Metabolomics (liquid/gas chromatography + mass spectrometry or NMR) survey small molecules or proteins in a sample; measures functional output Gnotobiotic animals model organisms that...

Genetics Second Exam Practice Test 150 Questions with Verified Answers Which organism has polycistronic mRNA? (eukaryotic or prokaryotic) - CORRECT ANSWER Prokaryotic Do prokaryotes undergo splicing/processing? - CORRECT ANSWER No Where are attenuater sequences found? (what type of organism and what class of operons?) - CORRECT ANSWER In prokaryotic amino acid operons Do prokaryotic mRNA ALWAYs encode trans-acting factors? - CORRECT ANSWER No Which of the following statements is t...

16S rRNA Ribosomal RNA used to identify microorganisms 18S rRNA Ribosomal RNA used for studying evolutionary relationships in eukaryotes Banded Iron Formation Sedimentary rock with iron-rich layers, provides clues about Earth's history Black Queen Theory Organisms rely on helper species to reduce metabolic costs Endosymbiosis Theory of organelles originating from prokaryotic cells in a symbiotic relationship Evolutionary Selection Process of advantageous traits being favored ...

MHC II Proteins are found on what type of cells? Professional Antigen Presenting Cells Molecular Koch's Postulate are important for identifying: A gene involved in virulence Brainpower Read More Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:01 / 0:15 Full screen Based on what we've discussed, why do you think you are supposed to get a flu shot each year? -Epitopes of flu strains are highly variable on an animal basis -No cross protection ...

biome, parturition, and preterm birth As we begin to understand changes in the microbiome that occur during pregnancy, a natural question to ponder is the role of the microbiome in the regulation of the timing of parturition and notably preterm birth. While the dogma currently states that preterm birth is initiated by an ascending infection from the vaginal cavity to the placenta, recent studies have challenged this idea (Gonçalves et al., 2002; Madianos et al., 2013). In fact, the coloniz...