CNPR Exam With Correct Answers

CNPR Exam how are drugs sorted into therapeutic groups and classes? - ANS first by the conditions they are used to treat, and tehn by their mechanism of action bone marrow transplants... - ANS are a type of stem cell therapy, unless a patient's own cells are reinjected what does AMA stand for? - ANS American Medical Association What section of a drug's package insert describes situations in which the drug should not be used because the risks outweigh the therapeutic benefits? - ANS contraindications what is tertiary care? - ANS highly specialized medical and surgical care provided by a large medical center for unusual or complex medical problems which of the following is not one of the stages in the classic approach to brand development strategy? brand personality, positioning, quality, or values? - ANS brand quality what are vasodilators used to do? - ANS decrease vascular resistance and increase blood flow what is the name of the condition that occurs after a specific dose of a drug is given at such regular intervals that absorption and elimination [drug:plasma] have become fairly constant - ANS steady state ocular administration - ANS primarily used to treat the eye which entity/entities invest/s the most money in pharmaceutical research and development (R&D)? - ANS U.S pharma companies how are most drugs excreted? - ANS kidneys over the last few decades what has happened to legal limitations on sales rep's discussions about off label uses? - ANS limitations have decreased (FDA Modernization Act of 1997) which of the following is an example of a branding "fundamental": brand logo, brand name, brand packaging, brand promise - ANS brand name what does it mean if two drugs are "at parity" - ANS both drugs are essentially in a neutral position who is most likely to benefit from electronic sampling programs? - ANS everyone would benefit equally when referring to medication dosage, which abbreviation means "one half" - ANS SS what is an internist? - ANS a physician who practices internal medicine which is a white blood cell: erythrocytes, insulin, lymphocytes, MHCs - ANS lymphocytes why are novice sales reps often placed in charge of negotiating MCO formularies? - ANS they are not; this job is usually reserved for more experienced sales reps (MCO = Managed Care Organization) what distinguishes pharmacodynamics from pharmacokinetics? - ANS PD's studies how drugs affect the body what percent of drugs tested on human subjects are eventually approved by the FDA? - ANS about 70% how do most physicians prefer to receive their drug samples? - ANS directly from sales reps what is an example of a "central" value - ANS I buy Advil to show that I am a modern consumer which specialty likely has the most emergency calls? - ANS cardiology what affects the rate of active transport? - ANS the availability of carriers and energy what has happened to the FDA approval time over the last few decades for new drugs? - ANS it has been shortened to reduce the cost of new drug development what would not help improve compliance? - ANS pharmacists understanding how generics differ from brand name drugs which entity chooses a drug's trade name? - ANS the FDA what type of stem cells are obtained from embryos and can develop into any cell type? - ANS totipotent as price for prescription increases, what happens to the likelihood a patient will fill it? - ANS it remains unaffected because the prescription is needed most involuntary movements come from which type of muscle tissue? - ANS cardiac and smooth which is not a major organ system? cardiovascular, cellular, GI, musculoskeletal - ANS cellular how do most drugs exert their primary physiological effects? - ANS by binding to cell receptors that are sensitive to their presence what is the most reliable source of information for determining therapeutically equivalent drug products? - ANS orange book what does subcutaneous mean - ANS beneath the outer skin what should a sales rep do it the prime spaces in a drug cabinet are occupied - ANS ask staff for permission to move some of the other products in the cabinet what testing method is no commonly used for allergy testing? - ANS urine test the FDA defines API as the Active ______ Ingredient in a drug, which produces the desired change in the body - ANS pharmaceutical what are the 2 legal classifications of wholesalers - ANS primary and secondary wholesale distributors what term describes the usage of a medication for purposes other than the FDA approved indications on the labeling? - ANS off-label usage acronym for pharmacokinetics - ANS PK which is not a purpose of the Arthrocentesis diagnostic test? aid in diagnosis of a certain joint disorder, determine cause of joint inflammation or effusion, look for crystals in joint fluid, monitor joint density - ANS monitor joint density which is not a characteristic of a sales rep: authentic/real, creative, focused, not concerned about competitors - ANS not concerned about competitors what entity grants drug patents? - ANS the US patent and trademark office which refers to all active and inert pharmaceutical ingredients in a drug? - ANS formulation difference between potency and efficacy - ANS potency refers to strength while efficacy refers to effectiveness which is not a component of a neurological exam: mental status, cranial nerves, sensory system, heart rate - ANS heart rate how many names must a drug have? - ANS at least 3 how has a longer development time increased the cost of bringing a new drug to market? - ANS by increasing the cost of capital senior citizens consume over _____ times as many pharmaceuticals as people under 65 - ANS 3x what agency regulates the distribution and use of narcotics - ANS DEA passive diffusion - ANS use of energy to help a substance pass from a low concentration gradient to a high one what are the main categories of drugs under FDA jurisdiction - ANS prescription and non-prescription name a natural uterotonic agent - ANS oxytocin what are all metabolites - ANS products of metabolism when a drug is administered orally, where does the first-pass metabolism occur? - ANS liver medical term for swelling - ANS edema which is not part of the seven-step cascade of emotion: be consultant, not a rep; identify what your product does; reflect; visualize the power of 10 - ANS be a consultant not a rep what is referred to as the "road map" in a clinical research paper? - ANS abstract which is the main active ingredient in lung surfactants - ANS theophylline parenteral - ANS injection type of substance that enhances the action of a drug or antigen. - ANS adjuvant what does it mean when a product is placed on the secondary tier of a standard three-tier formulary? - ANS it probably has "exclusive preferred" status if it is not at parity with any other drugs which is not a basic transport mechanism: active transport, homeostasis, passive diffusion, pinocytosis - ANS homeostasis the relationship between drug agonists and antagonists - ANS antagonist and agonists can be used together the study of effects of movement of drugs in the human body - ANS clinical pharmacology what is a common complaint that physicians have about traditional sampling methods? - ANS drug sample supply is too unpredictable what is an entity that is formed by two or more hospitals or other healthcare entities to negotiate reduced rates with its aggregated purchasing power? - ANS GPO (Group Purchasing Organization) another name for a drug derived from a biologic compound - ANS large molecule most common policy regarding pharma reps dispensing drug samples in hospitals? - ANS drug sampling is often forbidden what helps you build trust with a physician - ANS ask if he or she is having any problems with the managed care coverage of your products term for the difference between the usual effective dose and the dose that induces severe or life-threatening side effects. - ANS margin of safety excipients - ANS the inert ingredients in a drug formulation another term for AWP - ANS list price (average wholesale price) likely use for uterotonic agent - ANS to induce labor not a common imaging test - ANS PET why are PO drugs normally taken on an empty stomach? - ANS to pass through the stomach more quickly one factor that differentiates community health centers from hospitals - ANS community health center formularies are more restrictive how does drug sampling provide a social benefit? - ANS doctors often use drug samples to treat patients who otherwise could not afford it medical term for the use of a stehtoscope to listen to the heart - ANS auscultation what do enteric coatings do - ANS prevent dissolution in the stomach duration of exclusivity for orphan drugs - ANS 7 years what do National Account Managers do? - ANS negotiate contracts with MCOs and PBMs what does it mean when a drug recall is voluntary - ANS the manufacturer has recalled the product on its own, but negotiated with the FDA beforehand which phase of a trial is also known as the pivotal phase - ANS phase 3 during which phase of clinical trials is the new drug's safety and effectiveness first tested in the target group? - ANS phase 1 how do antacids work - ANS raising gastric pH one of the biggest time wasters for a pharma rep - ANS travel time what happens when equilibrium is reached - ANS equal numbers of molecules cross the membrane in both directions most common vectors used in gene therapy - ANS viruses percentage fee that the dispenser pays the wholesaler for distribution - ANS upcharge difference between chronic reaction and delayed reaction - ANS chronic persist for a long time; delayed reactions take some time to develop what is clinical effect? - ANS the response produced by a medication an example of noncompliance - ANS patient forgetting to take a drug at a specified time of day average circulation time of blood - ANS 1 minute one way pharma selling is different from selling in most other industries - ANS reps do not sell to the end users of the product what type of entities do primary wholesale distributers buy most of their drugs from? - ANS manufacturers what is the office of the inspector general (OIG) - ANS an arm of the department of health and human service what are doctors required to consider when deciding whether or not to prescribe a particular drug? - ANS severity of the disorder being treated and the effect it has on their quality of life which entity assigns a new drug it's generic names? - ANS united states adopted name council drugs can be used ____ days beyond their expiration date - ANS none of these what is necessary for a drug to be excreted extensively via the kidneys? - ANS the drug must be water-soluble and not bind too tightly to proteins in the bloodstream which organization or individual initiates the clinical trial and finances the study? - ANS sponsor the ___ name describes the atomoic or molecular structure of a drug - ANS chemical under PhRMA Code, is it acceptable or unacceptable for a pharma sales rep to take physician and physician's spouse to a fundraising dinner - ANS unacceptable the hatch-waxman act is considered the most significant drug-related ______ affecting the pharmaceutical industry since 1962 - ANS legislation what term denotes the extent, quality, or degree to which a substance is poisonous or harmful to the body - ANS toxicity what issue has most encouraged consumers' desire to see OTC medications? - ANS lack of insurance coverage what is the degree to which a medication produces a therapeutic effect - ANS efficacy what is the most important benefit of electronic prescribing? - ANS safety when does the FDA regulate generic drugs - ANS always which phase of trials largely determines the clinical dose? - ANS phase 2 what is an advantage of inactivated vaccines over attenuated vaccines? - ANS inactive vaccines have a more stable shelf life which medical term denotes a low supply of oxygen due to low blood flow - ANS ischemia what are the two main types of prescription drug marketing? - ANS professional physician promotions and DTC advertising what is the site of delivery for subcutaneous injections - ANS fatty tissue beneath the surface of the skin what must be contained in the description section of a pharma package insert - ANS the proprietary name and the established name what is the study of a medication's effects as it travels through the body - ANS pharmacokinetics customers purchase products from people they like, trust, and respect. this is called the _____ - ANS likeability factor what is penicillin's primary mechanism of action? - ANS it disturbs bacterial cell wall synthesis how has the US healthcare marketplace changed in the last few decades? - ANS managed care has been increasingly replaced by more patient0centered approaches how does pharmaceutical marketing help narrow the treatment gap - ANS it encourages patients to take more active roles in their healthcare what do immunosuppressive agents do? - ANS increase risk of infection what types of drugs are EGFR inhibitors - ANS antineoplastics (affect cell division) what term means "outside of the living body" - ANS ex vivo the FDA requirements for nutraceuticals and medicinal herbs are just as stringent as for pharmaceuticals - ANS false what is the estimated net gain of private sector healthcare's contributions to increased US life expectancy? - ANS 2-5 trillion which statement is true regarding post-approval drug monitoring? - ANS the FDA can choose to withdraw their approval if new evidence arises when tolerance to one medication causes increased tolerance to another medication? - ANS cross-tolerance patents expire ____ years from the date of filling - ANS twenty after a trade-name drug's patent expires, how may generic versions of it be sold? - ANS only under the branded generic name what is required for anew pharmaceutical to be considered a viable therapy - ANS it is more effective and/or causes fewer SAEs than other drugs on the market under the AMA (emerican medical association) guidelines, who is ultimately responsible for minimizing conflicts of interest? - ANS doctors the act of dispensing a pharma alternative for the product prescribed is ________ - ANS pharmaceutical substitution what does it mean if a drug is said to have a wide margin of safety? - ANS there is a lower chance of sever or life-threatening side effects which of the following is the correct medical acronym for effective dose? - ANS ED reason for when a group of subjects is given an active drug while another group only receives a placebo - ANS to assess the drug's effectiveness a generic version is likely to have some inactive ingredients that are different from those of the original drug - ANS true body functions are measured by recording and analyzing the activity of organs; which is not a body function diagnostic test? - ANS biopsy where are most drugs metabolized - ANS liver what is essential to the ethical requirement that subjects be selected fairly? - ANS subjects should be selected based on scientific objectives which of the following is the most appropriate salutation for a cover letter if you cannot find a contact name? - ANS Dear Sir or Madam what is part of becoming an indispensable sales rep - ANS asking for feedback which is not typically included in the indications and usage section of the package insert information? - ANS the drugs active metabolites term for the practice of classifying physicians and other potential prescribers by anticipated prescription volume? - ANS deciling what makes a drug eligible for "fast track" approval from the FDA - ANS it treats patients with serious, life-threatening conditions in the GI tract, _____ help to break up tablets to ensure full release of the active pharma ingredient - ANS disintegrants what does the PDRP do - ANS limits sales rep's abilities to see individual physician's prescribing data (physician data restriction program) what are the components of the CNS - ANS brain, spinal cord origin or cause of a medical condition - ANS etiology patient with type 1 diabetes.... - ANS have an autoimmune disease which DTC pharmaceutical marketing tactic is permitted in european countries? - ANS disease state ads one way in which psychologist differ from psychiatrists - ANS psychologists deal with more emotional than physical issues what are PBMs - ANS organizations that negotiate between pharmaceutical companies and large drug purchasers (Pharmacy Benefits Management) how does the hatch-waxman act protect research-based drug manufacturers? - ANS by providing a 30 month cooling off period process of adjusting drug doses to achieve the maximum positive therapeutic effects while minimizing adverse or side effects - ANS titration which of the following is studied more in pharmacodynamics than in pharmacokinetics? - ANS the transportation of the drug to the specific site for drug-receptor interaction how does a healthy immune system use MHC markers? - ANS substances without MHC markers are discerned as foreign and targeted for destruction (Major Histocompatibility Complex) what is a "behind-the-counter" drug? - ANS an OTC drug that must be closely monitored by the pharmacist when do MSLs meet with clinicians? - ANS at nearly any stage of the product's life cycle (Medical Science Liaison)