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Pearson A Level Business
Summary notes on every topic from all four themes of the Pearson A Level Business course
[Montrer plus]Summary notes on every topic from all four themes of the Pearson A Level Business course
[Montrer plus]Detailed notes explaining the different stages of the Product Lifecycle (development, introduction, growth, maturity, decline, extension strategies), how to use it, and the problems of using the product lifecycle. Also includes the product portfolio, the Boston Matrix, and marketing strategy for mas...
Aperçu 1 sur 3 pages
Ajouter au panierDetailed notes explaining the different stages of the Product Lifecycle (development, introduction, growth, maturity, decline, extension strategies), how to use it, and the problems of using the product lifecycle. Also includes the product portfolio, the Boston Matrix, and marketing strategy for mas...
Describes the different distribution channels, what the choice of channel depends on, how distribution channels are changing to reflect social change, and how markets are changing from products to services
Aperçu 1 sur 3 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes the different distribution channels, what the choice of channel depends on, how distribution channels are changing to reflect social change, and how markets are changing from products to services
Describes the types of pricing strategies - e.g. price skimming, penetration pricing, cost plus pricing, predatory pricing
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes the types of pricing strategies - e.g. price skimming, penetration pricing, cost plus pricing, predatory pricing
In-depth notes describing the different types of promotion, the advantages and disadvantages of each, the types of branding, ways to build a brand, and changes in branding and promotion to reflect social trends
Aperçu 1 sur 3 pages
Ajouter au panierIn-depth notes describing the different types of promotion, the advantages and disadvantages of each, the types of branding, ways to build a brand, and changes in branding and promotion to reflect social trends
Explains the three aspects of the design mix (aesthetics, function and economic manufacture), and how changes in the elements of the design mix can reflect social trends
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains the three aspects of the design mix (aesthetics, function and economic manufacture), and how changes in the elements of the design mix can reflect social trends
Explains the factors which affect the demand for a product, what Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) is, why price elasticity matters, the factors influencing price elasticity, and the problems with using price elasticity. Also describes Income Elasticity of Demand (YED), the factors influencing income...
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains the factors which affect the demand for a product, what Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) is, why price elasticity matters, the factors influencing price elasticity, and the problems with using price elasticity. Also describes Income Elasticity of Demand (YED), the factors influencing income...
Describes demand and demand curves, factors causing a change in demand, supply, factors causing a shift in supply, market equilibrium and price determination.
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Ajouter au panierDescribes demand and demand curves, factors causing a change in demand, supply, factors causing a shift in supply, market equilibrium and price determination.
Describes market mapping, competitive advantage, product differentiation, and added value
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes market mapping, competitive advantage, product differentiation, and added value
Describes the difference between product and market orientated approaches to businesses, why businesses conduct market research, primary and secondary research and the pros/cons of both, sampling size and representation, how ICT can be used in market research, and market segmentation.
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Ajouter au panierDescribes the difference between product and market orientated approaches to businesses, why businesses conduct market research, primary and secondary research and the pros/cons of both, sampling size and representation, how ICT can be used in market research, and market segmentation.
Provides a definition of niche and mass markets, as well as advantages and disadvantages of both. Also explains market size and market share, dynamic markets, how competition affects the market, and risk and uncertainty.
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Ajouter au panierProvides a definition of niche and mass markets, as well as advantages and disadvantages of both. Also explains market size and market share, dynamic markets, how competition affects the market, and risk and uncertainty.
Highlights the distinction between leaders and managers, with the characteristics of a good leader. Also includes a summary of the different leadership styles (autocratic, democratic, laissez faire, paternalistic) with the features involved in all of them.
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Ajouter au panierHighlights the distinction between leaders and managers, with the characteristics of a good leader. Also includes a summary of the different leadership styles (autocratic, democratic, laissez faire, paternalistic) with the features involved in all of them.
Explains why motivation is important to a business, the financial and non-financial incentives a business can offer its employees, and the different motivation theories from Maslow, Mayo, Taylor and Herzberg
Aperçu 1 sur 3 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains why motivation is important to a business, the financial and non-financial incentives a business can offer its employees, and the different motivation theories from Maslow, Mayo, Taylor and Herzberg
Explains what organisational design is, organisational structures (e.g. centralised and decentralised, tall and flat, matrix), the key features of organisational structures, and advantages and disadvantages of the structures
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains what organisational design is, organisational structures (e.g. centralised and decentralised, tall and flat, matrix), the key features of organisational structures, and advantages and disadvantages of the structures
Outlines the stages in the recruitment process and the differences between job description and person specification, on the job and off the job training, internal and external recruitment. Also touches on selection methods, benefits of training, and recruitment costs.
Aperçu 1 sur 3 pages
Ajouter au panierOutlines the stages in the recruitment process and the differences between job description and person specification, on the job and off the job training, internal and external recruitment. Also touches on selection methods, benefits of training, and recruitment costs.
Explains how businesses can achieve greater flexibility, redundancy and dismissal, employer/employee relations (e.g. collective or individual bargaining), and the difference between businesses who see their staff as assets and businesses who see their staff as costs.
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains how businesses can achieve greater flexibility, redundancy and dismissal, employer/employee relations (e.g. collective or individual bargaining), and the difference between businesses who see their staff as assets and businesses who see their staff as costs.
Describes unlimited and limited liability, types of legal structure (e.g. sole trader, plc, Ltd, partnership), and franchising
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Ajouter au panierDescribes unlimited and limited liability, types of legal structure (e.g. sole trader, plc, Ltd, partnership), and franchising
Defines objectives, aims and strategy, and describes some long and short term objectives of businesses.
Aperçu 1 sur 1 pages
Ajouter au panierDefines objectives, aims and strategy, and describes some long and short term objectives of businesses.
Describes the role of an entrepreneur (setting up a business, innovation, etc.), barriers to entrepreneurs, skills and characteristics of entrepreneurs, risk and rewards, and opportunity cost.
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes the role of an entrepreneur (setting up a business, innovation, etc.), barriers to entrepreneurs, skills and characteristics of entrepreneurs, risk and rewards, and opportunity cost.
Describes the internal and external factors contributing to the failure of a business.
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Ajouter au panierDescribes the internal and external factors contributing to the failure of a business.
Explains what a statement of financial position (balance sheet) is, assets and liabilities, liquidity ratios (acid test and current ratios), and working capital
Aperçu 1 sur 3 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains what a statement of financial position (balance sheet) is, assets and liabilities, liquidity ratios (acid test and current ratios), and working capital
Describes a Statement of Comprehensive Income, profitability ratios (e.g. gross profit margin), how to improve profitability, and the difference between cashflow and profit
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Ajouter au panierDescribes a Statement of Comprehensive Income, profitability ratios (e.g. gross profit margin), how to improve profitability, and the difference between cashflow and profit
Describes the three types of budget (income, expenditure and profit), methods of setting a budget, variance analysis, and the advantages and disadvantages of budgets
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes the three types of budget (income, expenditure and profit), methods of setting a budget, variance analysis, and the advantages and disadvantages of budgets
Explains break-even analysis, the break-even formula, limitations of break-even, changes in break-even output and margin of safety.
Aperçu 1 sur 1 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains break-even analysis, the break-even formula, limitations of break-even, changes in break-even output and margin of safety.
Explains sales revenue, how to increase sales revenue, sales volume, sales forecasting, factors affecting sales forecasting, and the different types of costs (fixed, variable and total)
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains sales revenue, how to increase sales revenue, sales volume, sales forecasting, factors affecting sales forecasting, and the different types of costs (fixed, variable and total)
Describes what cash flow and cash flow forecasting is, how to calculate cash flow, the advantages and disadvantages of cash flow and why newly established businesses are vulnerable to cash flow problems
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes what cash flow and cash flow forecasting is, how to calculate cash flow, the advantages and disadvantages of cash flow and why newly established businesses are vulnerable to cash flow problems
Describes the advantages and disadvantages of internal and external sources of finance and business plans, as well as explaining the difference between unlimited and limited liability
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Ajouter au panierDescribes the advantages and disadvantages of internal and external sources of finance and business plans, as well as explaining the difference between unlimited and limited liability
Explains the different types of legislation (e.g. consumer protection law, employee protection, environmental protection, etc.) and how it impacts the business.
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains the different types of legislation (e.g. consumer protection law, employee protection, environmental protection, etc.) and how it impacts the business.
Describes the economic environment, the business cycle, inflation, deflation, interest rates, exchange rates, the effect of economic uncertainty on the business environment, and the competitive environment
Aperçu 1 sur 4 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes the economic environment, the business cycle, inflation, deflation, interest rates, exchange rates, the effect of economic uncertainty on the business environment, and the competitive environment
Describes quality management, quality control, quality assurance, total quality management (TQM) and Kaizen
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes quality management, quality control, quality assurance, total quality management (TQM) and Kaizen
Describes stock control diagrams (buffer stock, maximum stock level, re-order level, etc.), implications of poor stock control and Just-in-Time
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Ajouter au panierDescribes stock control diagrams (buffer stock, maximum stock level, re-order level, etc.), implications of poor stock control and Just-in-Time
Describes capacity utilisation, implications of under-utilisation of capacity (spare capacity), and ways of improving capacity utilisation.
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Ajouter au panierDescribes capacity utilisation, implications of under-utilisation of capacity (spare capacity), and ways of improving capacity utilisation.
Describes the different methods of production (e.g. batch or flow production), the advantages and disadvantages of each type of production, and how to chose the type of production. Also explains efficiency and productivity, and capital intensive and labour intensive production.
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Ajouter au panierDescribes the different methods of production (e.g. batch or flow production), the advantages and disadvantages of each type of production, and how to chose the type of production. Also explains efficiency and productivity, and capital intensive and labour intensive production.
Describes the different causes of change (e.g. organisational size, new ownership), the effects of change, key factors in change, managing resistance to change, and scenario planning
Aperçu 1 sur 4 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes the different causes of change (e.g. organisational size, new ownership), the effects of change, key factors in change, managing resistance to change, and scenario planning
Explains labour productivity, labour turnover, labour retention, absenteeism, and human resource strategies (financial rewards, employee share ownership, consultation strategies, empowerment strategies)
Aperçu 1 sur 3 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains labour productivity, labour turnover, labour retention, absenteeism, and human resource strategies (financial rewards, employee share ownership, consultation strategies, empowerment strategies)
Describes gearing ratio (how to interpret it and the advantages/disadvantages of it), and Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)
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Ajouter au panierDescribes gearing ratio (how to interpret it and the advantages/disadvantages of it), and Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)
Describes statement of comprehensive income and statement of financial position (balance sheets), and explains why stakeholders are interest in them. Also explains profit quality.
Aperçu 1 sur 3 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes statement of comprehensive income and statement of financial position (balance sheets), and explains why stakeholders are interest in them. Also explains profit quality.
Explains ethical codes of practice and ethical objectives, the advantages/disadvantages of ethical behaviour, corporate social responsibility (CSR), pay and rewards, and the trade off between profit and ethics
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains ethical codes of practice and ethical objectives, the advantages/disadvantages of ethical behaviour, corporate social responsibility (CSR), pay and rewards, and the trade off between profit and ethics
Describes the difference between the stakeholder and shareholder approach, and the potential conflicts between shareholders and stakeholders
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes the difference between the stakeholder and shareholder approach, and the potential conflicts between shareholders and stakeholders
Describes corporate influences (corporate objectives, stakeholder perspectives, business ethics), corporate timescale, evidence based and subjective decision making, strong and weak corporate cultures, and Handy's corporate cultures (power, role, task, person)
Aperçu 1 sur 3 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes corporate influences (corporate objectives, stakeholder perspectives, business ethics), corporate timescale, evidence based and subjective decision making, strong and weak corporate cultures, and Handy's corporate cultures (power, role, task, person)
Describes what a critical path analysis is, what a manager needs to know to use the technique, features of a critical path, key points of a critical path, and the advantages and disadvantages of it.
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes what a critical path analysis is, what a manager needs to know to use the technique, features of a critical path, key points of a critical path, and the advantages and disadvantages of it.
Describes what a decision tree is, uses an example to show how to interpret one, and explains the advantages and disadvantages of decision trees.
Aperçu 1 sur 1 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes what a decision tree is, uses an example to show how to interpret one, and explains the advantages and disadvantages of decision trees.
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Explains the three types of investment appraisal - payback, average rate of return (ARR) and net present value (NPV) - including how to calculate them and the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Also includes qualitative factors to consider when making investment decisions.
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains the three types of investment appraisal - payback, average rate of return (ARR) and net present value (NPV) - including how to calculate them and the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Also includes qualitative factors to consider when making investment decisions.
Explains quantitative sales forecasting and why a business would construct a sales forecast. Also explains moving averages, variations from trends, forecasting using extrapolation, scatter graphs and limits of sales forecasting
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains quantitative sales forecasting and why a business would construct a sales forecast. Also explains moving averages, variations from trends, forecasting using extrapolation, scatter graphs and limits of sales forecasting
Describes reasons for mergers and takeovers, what they are, the advantages and disadvantages of vertical and horizontal integration, financial risks and rewards of integration, hostile and friendly integration, and problems of rapid growth.
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes reasons for mergers and takeovers, what they are, the advantages and disadvantages of vertical and horizontal integration, financial risks and rewards of integration, hostile and friendly integration, and problems of rapid growth.
Describes the benefits of business growth (e.g. economies of scale, increased market power, increased profitability), the problems arising from business growth (e.g. diseconomies of scale, overtrading, poor communication), and organic growth.
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Ajouter au panierDescribes the benefits of business growth (e.g. economies of scale, increased market power, increased profitability), the problems arising from business growth (e.g. diseconomies of scale, overtrading, poor communication), and organic growth.
Explains what a SWOT analysis and a PESTLE analysis is used for, the structure of markets, uncompetitive markets, and Porter's Five Forces
Aperçu 1 sur 3 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains what a SWOT analysis and a PESTLE analysis is used for, the structure of markets, uncompetitive markets, and Porter's Five Forces
Explains the four segments of the Ansoff Matrix and Porter's Generic Strategy, the three Distinctive Capabilities, the Boston Matrix, and the effect of strategic and tactical decisions on human, physical and financial resources
Aperçu 1 sur 4 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains the four segments of the Ansoff Matrix and Porter's Generic Strategy, the three Distinctive Capabilities, the Boston Matrix, and the effect of strategic and tactical decisions on human, physical and financial resources
Describes missions statements (the advantages and criticisms of them), corporate objectives, aims, corporate strategy, types of functional areas and their objectives, and the development of corporate objectives
Aperçu 1 sur 1 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes missions statements (the advantages and criticisms of them), corporate objectives, aims, corporate strategy, types of functional areas and their objectives, and the development of corporate objectives
Explains the impact of MNCs on the local and national economy, ethics and morals, stakeholder conflicts, and the benefits and drawbacks of controlling MNCs
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Ajouter au panierExplains the impact of MNCs on the local and national economy, ethics and morals, stakeholder conflicts, and the benefits and drawbacks of controlling MNCs
Explains global marketing strategy, different marketing approaches, adapting the marketing mix to global markets, niche markets, and social/cultural factors.
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains global marketing strategy, different marketing approaches, adapting the marketing mix to global markets, niche markets, and social/cultural factors.
Explains how multinational corporations are able to be more competitive, competitive advantage, Porter's Generic Strategy, and movements in exchange rate and how this affects competitive advantage
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains how multinational corporations are able to be more competitive, competitive advantage, Porter's Generic Strategy, and movements in exchange rate and how this affects competitive advantage
Explains the reasons for global mergers and joint ventures, e.g. spreading risk over different countries or securing resources and supplies
Aperçu 1 sur 1 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains the reasons for global mergers and joint ventures, e.g. spreading risk over different countries or securing resources and supplies
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Explains conditions that prompt trade (e.g. push factors, extending the product lifecycle by selling in multiple markets, etc.) and the key considerations when considering a country as a market or production location
Aperçu 1 sur 1 pages
Ajouter au panierExplains conditions that prompt trade (e.g. push factors, extending the product lifecycle by selling in multiple markets, etc.) and the key considerations when considering a country as a market or production location
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Describes the different types of protectionism (e.g. tariffs and quotas) and how they impact businesses in the home country and businesses wanting to export to the country with the protectionism. Also explains trading blocs (e.g. Free Trade Areas) and how they impact businesses.
Aperçu 1 sur 3 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes the different types of protectionism (e.g. tariffs and quotas) and how they impact businesses in the home country and businesses wanting to export to the country with the protectionism. Also explains trading blocs (e.g. Free Trade Areas) and how they impact businesses.
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Describes exports and imports, specialisation and competitive advantage, foreign direct investment (FDI) and business growth, globalisation, and trade liberalisation
Aperçu 1 sur 3 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes exports and imports, specialisation and competitive advantage, foreign direct investment (FDI) and business growth, globalisation, and trade liberalisation
Describes the economic growth of world markets (e.g. BRICS and MINT), the growing power of Asian, African and other countries, implications of economic growth for individuals and businesses, and indicators of growth
Aperçu 1 sur 2 pages
Ajouter au panierDescribes the economic growth of world markets (e.g. BRICS and MINT), the growing power of Asian, African and other countries, implications of economic growth for individuals and businesses, and indicators of growth
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