Nucleophile - Samenvattingen, Aantekeningen en Examens

What is nucleophilic substitution?replacing a leaving group (halogen) w/ a nucleophile what is beta-eliminationa halogen and hydrogen are removed and a pi bond is formed rate the alkyl halides from most to least reactiveRI > RBr > RCl >> RF what is a protic solventhas hydrogen bonding list aprotic solventsDMSO DMF acetone acetonitrile THF

CEM 142 EXAM 2 LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+ **ACID = ELECTRON PAIR ACCEPTOR Acid= electrophile **BASE = ELECTRON PAIR DONOR base= nucleophile strong acid fully ionizes in solution/completely dissociates weak acid does not fully ionize or dissociate into ions ** negatively charged ion ---> wants to loose 1 electron can tell if a solution is ionized when... a fully ionized solution will conduct more electricity than a non fully ionized solution strength of acid depend...

SN1 Reaction - ANSWER- Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution - 2 steps - Starting with enantiomerically pure product tends to result in some degree of racemization - Retention AND inversion at stereocenter (R and S) - 1 nucleophile is replaced by another nucleophile - Carbocation INTERMEDIATE forms - Rate is dependent only on substrate concentration 1. LG leaves, forming a carbocation 2. Nucleophile attacks the carbocation, forming the product SN2 Reaction - ANSWER- Bimolecular nuc...

Science 0rganic chemiStry mechaniSm of a reaction How do you get a disaccharide? - ANS-From the same reaction that gave us the glycoside! Its just that now the alcohol is.....ANOTHER MONOSACCHARIDE! YAY! What kind of bond does Cellulose have vs Starch and glycogen? - ANS-BETA 1, 4 vs the ALPHA of starch and glycogen (some α 1,6 in there too!) Basic structure of an Amino Acid - ANS- a central carbon atom attached to a hydrogen, an acidic carboxyl group (−COOH), an amino grou...

CHEM 129 EXAM 3 Questions With 100% Correct Answers Acids and bases are usually demoted as strong or weak, what's the difference? - answer- Strong acids and bases - reaction with water is approximately 100% - Weak acids and bases - reaction with water is much less than 100% What does acid and base strength not dictate? - answerAcid or base strength is not a measure of concentration What are some examples of strong acids? - answerHNO3, HCl, H2SO4 and HClO4 are strong acids What are ele...

alkyl halide - Answer-compounds in which a halogen is connected to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom 2 types of rxn's alkyl halides go under - Answer-substitution and elimination substitution reaction - Answer-when treated with a nucleophile, the nucleophile replaces the halogen elimination reaction - Answer-when treated with a base, a pi bond will form creating an alkene what functions does the halogen serve in an alkyl halide - Answer-1) halogen withdraws electron density leaving the ...

IR Spectra correct answer: -Absorption of radiation causes vibrational excitation of functional groups *making it easy to ID functional groups* *0-5000cm-1* H NMR Spectra correct answer: *0-12ppm* C NMR Spectra correct answer: *0-200ppm* Mass Spec correct answer: -Used to measure the molecular weight (mass) of the compound. Alkyne Reactions correct answer: *1* Alkyne + H2/Pd &C = Alkene *2* Alkyne + H2/Lindlav Cat.= Cis Alkene *3* Alkyne + Li or Na/Liquid NH3= Trans Alkene ...

What is the general formula for a carbohydrate? - Cx(H2O)y How do you determine the number of stereoisomers for a given carbohydrate? - 2^n where n= number of stereocenters Distinguish between the D and L designations for carbohydrates. - In the L form the hydroxy group is on the bottom left closest to the CH2OH group in the frame of a Fischer projection In the D form the OH is on the bottom right What are anomers? - Diastereomers formed by the cyclization of carbohydrates (*note they ...

EAS: friedel-crafts alkylation correct answers -the friedel-crafts alkylation makes it possible for us to install an alkyl group onto an aromatic ting -this is accomplished by reacting an alkyl halide with a lewis acid to generate a species that is electrophilic enough to react with benzene -good at forming carbon-carbon bonds EAS: Friedel-Crafts alkylation-reagents correct answers -alkyl halides are generally electrophilic but no electrophilic enough to attract the benzene ring -it was fo...

What is the degree of substitution? <<ANSWERS>>>The number of alkyl groups a specific carbon is bonded to (more alkyl groups means more stable) What reagents are required in a dissolving metal reduction? <<ANSWERS>>>Na or Li, ammonia (NH3) as solvent Provide a summary of dissolving metal reduction <<ANSWERS>>>2 hydrogens (one equivalent) are added to an alkyne to form the E alkene (anti addition) What is the stereochemistry of the dissolving ...