AP BIOLOGY EXAM PACK|GUARANTEED SUCCESS

organic compounds contain carbon; examples include lipids, proteins, and carbs functional groups amino (NH2), carbonyl (RCOR), carboxyl (COOH), hydroxyl (OH), phosphate (PO4), sulfhydryl (SH) fat glycerol and three fatty acids saturated fats bad for you; animals and some pla...

polar Molecule with partial charges. Mixes with water. nonpolar No partial charges. Do not mix with water. electronegativity Attraction of an atom for electrons in a covalent bond. cohesion Water molecules sticking to each other. adhesion Water molecules sticking t...

emergent properties new properties that emerge with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases negative feedback a mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates reactions that reduce the stimulus positiv...

water -polar molecule -polar colvalent bonds -oxygen end is partial negative and the hydrogens have a partially positive end -cohesive polar covalent bonds -opposite ends of the molecule have opposite charges cohesion -H bonding between H2O creates it (sticky) -allows for the mo...

ionic bond bond resulting from a transfer of electrons covalent bond bond resulting from the sharing of electrons nonpolar electrons shared equally polar electrons shared unequally buffer substance that resists changes in pH bicarbonate ion most important buf...

Cell Basic functional unit of all living things Cytoplasm Consists of specialized bodies (organelles) suspended in a fluid matrix (cytosol) Plasma Membrane Separates internal metabolic events from the external environment; controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell ...

nucleus structure: large sphere includes: chromatin, nucleolus, nuclear envelope function: control center for all cellular activity, contain chromosomes that carry DNA, has double membrane nucleolus structure: sphere within nucleus function: location where ribosomes are made, contains R...

2 organelles that contain their own DNA separate from the chromosome Mitochondria and chloroplast What domains fall under prokaryotic cells? Bacteria and archaea What are the basic features of all cells? Membrane, cytoplasm, chromosomes, ribosomes This organelle synthesizes l...

Population a group of organisms of the same species populating a given area Community (ecology) a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other ecosystem a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical...

Selective Permeability Allows some substances to cross more easily than others Amphipathic molecule that has both a hydrophillic region and a hydrophobic region such as a phosopholipid phospholipid bilayer a double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma membranes Integra...