Praxis English to Speakers of Other Languages (5362) Q&A Exam Bundle

Dialect Variations in language Sociolect Variation in language by members of the same socioeconomic class Aspirational Dialict Adopting language based on a "class" they want to join Geoffrey Leach's Social Functions of Language 1. Language is informational (Value accuracy & relevance) 2...

phonetics the study of the production of sounds in speech phonology the study of sounds and patterns of particular languages intonation the way the voice rises and falls in speech stress the emphasis placed on syllables or words morpheme the smallest unit of meaning in a language. For ex...

cultural norms set of behaviors and beliefs shared by people cultural competence behaviors, attitudes that allow people to work effectively and appropriately low-context culture communicate information in direct, explicit, and precise ways high-context culture communicate in ways that are i...

Direct (or natural) methodSecond languages should be acquired in the same way as first languages. Oral language (input not just output) is emphasized. No focus on grammar structure InductionLearn grammar through imitation and trial/error Grammar-translation methodIntended for foreign language ...

Phonology the way in which speech sounds form patterns International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) marks minute distinctions in sound represented by a set of symbols divided by monophthong vowels, diphthong vowels, and consonants. Narrow Transcriptions transcriptions that are used to distinguish bet...

negative transfer Which occurs when speakers and writers transfer items and structures that are not the same in both languages. In English, a verb that expresses a state of being (I Am) is used to indicate the age of a person, whereas in several other languages, ,a verb that indicates possession (I ...

Accuracy the correct decoding and recognition of words Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis Acquisition is the unconscious process of making meaning of language through repeated exposure. Learning is the conscious process developing skills through formal instruction in grammar and syntax. Advanced ...

Clause A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb, but cannot stand by itself. Back Channeling The feedback which a listener gives to a speaker to show that (s)he is following, or understands what the speaker is saying. Convergence when languages come to structurally resemble o...

Direct Method Teacher centered. Prohibits use of native language Total Physical Response James Asher -commands require physical response The Natural Approach Terrell and Krashen- Monitor Model Theory (correcting through modeling), realia Silent Way Gattegno- Student centered, instructor rem...

Morpheme The smallest unit of language aka root word, prefix, suffix they cannot be broken down into smaller units Morphology principles Morphemes may be free ( chair, bag) or they may be bound or derivational and need to be combined with other morphemes to create meaning ( read-able, en-able ...

clause a segment of a sentence that consists of a subject and a predicate. subordinate clause "dependent clause"; cannot stand alone as a sentence and must be accompanied by an independent clause. main clause (independent clause) expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence...

Audiolingual Method "army method," drilling correct forms, grammar taught inductively, lots of speaking Total Physical Response Approach learning through commands and questions, students not made to speak until they are ready Grammar Translation Approach oldest method, taught almost exclusiv...

Constructivist teaching is based on the belief that learning occurs as learners are actively involved in a process of meaning and knowledge construction as opposed to passively receiving information. Learners are the makers of meaning and knowledge. Negative Transfer Which occurs when speakers an...

Answer the question below by clicking on the correct response. Question: Which of the following is a clause? A.After several meetings about the situation B.Although she cannot be there on Monday C.In addition to his academic record D.The next speaker on the agenda Correct Answer: B Option (B)...