Essential Cell Biology Exam Bundle Graded A+

Cell Respiration - ANSWER-Process by which cells harvest the energy stored in food molecules; usually accompanied by the uptake to O2 and the release of CO2. Oxidative Phosphorylation - ANSWER-Process in bacteria and mitochondria in which ATP formation is driven by the transfer of electrons from ...

plasma membrane - ANSWER-Fatty film so thin and transparent that it cannot be seen directly in the light of the light microscope. Structure is based on a two-ply sheet of lipid molecules about 5 nm - or 50 atoms - thick. Is penetrated by highly selective channels and pumps - protein molecules that a...

Housekeeping Proteins - ANSWER-Proteins common to many cell types, concerned with basic metabolic and structural functions. Regulatory DNA Sequences - ANSWER-DNA sequence to which a transcription regulator binds to determine when where & in what quantities a gene is to be transcribed into RNA. ...

Cancer - ANSWER-Disease caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell proliferation, followed by invasion and colonization of body sites normally reserved for other cells DNA Ligase - ANSWER-Enzyme that reseals nicks that occur in the backbone of a DNA molecule (in the lab, can be used to join togethe...

DNA - ANSWER-Double stranded polynucleotide formed from two separate chains of covalently linked deoxyribonucleic units. It serves as the cell's store of genetic information that is transmitted from generation to generation. Double Helix - ANSWER-The typical structure of a DNA molecule in which ...

Predict what would happen to the secondary structure of a protein if an alcohol that disrupts hydrogen-bonding were added. Choose one or more: A. The β sheets would unfold, disrupting protein structure. B. The α helices would unfold, disrupting protein structure. C. Nothing would happen to th...

Protein molecules - ANSWER-Long chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds What are proteins referred to as? - ANSWER-Polypeptides (Amino acid chains are called polypeptide chains) What do proteins embedded in the plasma membrane form? - ANSWER-Channels and pumps that control the...

Which statement is true? Choose one: A. The heat released by an animal cell comes from the chemical bond energy present in the food molecules it metabolizes. B. A cell generates order by decreasing the entropy of its surroundings. C. The breakdown of food molecules generates heat, which cells th...

archaea - ANSWER-One of the two divisions of prokaryote, often found in hostile environments such as hot springs or concentrated brine. bacteria - ANSWER-Commonly used name for any prokaryotic organism, but more precisely refers to the eubacteria, the "true bacteria," one of the three major dom...

Cells - ANSWER-The basic unit from which a living organism is made; consists of an aqueous solution of organic molecules enclosed by a membrane. Cell Biology - ANSWER-The study of cells and their structure, function and behavior. Cilium (cilia) - ANSWER-Hairlike structure made of microtubules ...

What would be the most obvious outcome of repeated cell cycles consisting of S phase and M phase only? (a) Cells would not be able to replicate their DNA. (b) The mitotic spindle could not assemble. (c) Cells would get larger and larger. (d) The cells produced would get smaller and smaller. - AN...

What is a similarity between a liver and kidney cell? - ANSWER-Both cells have the same DNA. Both cells are generated during the animal's embryological development. What are some differences between a liver and kidney cell? - ANSWER-Both cells express different genes, which produces different p...

What two methods does proteins use to tell other proteins what they need? - ANSWER-Protein/protein interactions Protein/molecule interactions The Signal that cells receive are converted to a _________ ______. (like a cellphone) - ANSWER-cellular response Signaling Cascade Order - ANSWER-extra...

What is a selective barrier? - ANSWER-Within a membrane, there are different concentrations of molecules than the outside of the membrane. What is an internal membrane? - ANSWER-A membrane on an organelle What is the diffusion across a barrier dependent on? - ANSWER-Size and solubility List...

Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is false? - ANSWER-B ) Proteins to be delivered to the ER lumen are synthesized on smooth Er Which of the following statements about membrane-enclosed organelles is true? (a) In a typical cell, the area of the endoplasmic re...

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process used to catabolize glucose. What does it mean for this process to be anaerobic? (a) no oxygen is required (b) no oxidation occurs (c) it takes place in the lysosome (d) glucose is broken down by the addition of electrons - ANSWER-A Which of the followin...

ions - ANSWER-atoms that gains electrons or lose electrons and become charged ionic bond - ANSWER-bond created from opposite charges; a salt and a non-salt bonded electrostatic attraction - ANSWER-attractive force between oppositely charged atoms, weak in water covalent bonds - ANSWER-elect...

A Germ cell contains - ANSWER-sperm and egg Germ cells are - ANSWER-diploid the gametes are - ANSWER-haploid (egg or sperm) germ cells (egg and sperm) combine to form? - ANSWER-zygote The zygote is haploid or diploid? - ANSWER-diploid materal and paternal homologs contain - ANSWER-sam...

B. extracellular matrix - ANSWER-Supportive tissues, such as bone or wood, derive their strength from: A. cells B. extracellular matrix C. cytoskeletal filaments C. turgor pressure - ANSWER-The driving force for plant cell growth is: A. excess sunlight B. extracellular signaling C. turgor ...

Chapter 8 - ANSWER-Control of Gene Expression gene expression - ANSWER-A complex process by which cells selectively direct the synthesis of the many thousands of proteins and RNAs encoded in their genome Differentiation - ANSWER-process in which cells become specialized in structure and functi...

Central Dogma - ANSWER-Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein. What base is not present in RNA? - ANSWER-T In RNA what base pairs with a base A? - ANSWER-U An RNA molecule can fold into complex 3D shapes because - ANSWER-it is single stranded. All of the RNA in a cell is ma...