Summary
Chapter 19: Summary Genetics: A Conceptual Approach, ISBN: 9781429232524 GTS 251 (GTS 251)
- Course
- GTS 251 (GTS251)
- Institution
- University Of Pretoria (UP)
Summary for GTS 251 study unit 6
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Seller
Follow
Content preview
Study unit 6: Molecular genetic analysis and biotechnology1) Introduction:
The ability to read nucleotide sequences has changed genetics by:
1) Allowing development of recombinant technology
2) Invention of PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
3) Development of fast and accurate DNA sequencing methods
4) Engineering of CRISPR-Cas system (clustered regularly interrupted short
palindromic repeats
5) Biotechnology: molecular techniques are used to create commercial
products
2) Molecular techniques: Cutting DNA
2.1) Method 1: Recombinant DNA technology
1) Techniques used to locate, isolate, alter and study DNA segments
2) Combines 2 different DNA (from different sources)
3) Often uses plasmids
2.2) Method 2: Restriction enzymes
1) Introduction:
1.1) Uses restriction enzymes/ restriction endonucleases (RE)
1.2) RE has 2 functions: scans DNA, recognizes specific sequences
(called restriction sites) and makes double stranded cuts
1.3) RE are naturally produced by bacteria as a defense against viruses
1.4) Bacteria protect their own DNA by adding methyl groups to
restriction sites
1.5) Type II RE: recognizes specific sequences and cuts DNA within the
sequences
1.6) Restriction sites are usually 4-8 bp long and made of palindromic
sequences (both strands are the same in the 5’ to 3’ direction)
,2) Restriction enzyme digestion:
2.1) Restriction enzymes are named after the bacteria they are isolated
from.
2.2) RE may cut DNA to produce sticky/cohesive end or blunt ends
2.3) Only sticky ends can be recombined with complementary DNA from
another organism
2.4) 5’ vs 3’ overhang: If the RE cuts closer to the 5’ end it produces a 5’
overhang, if the RE cuts closer to the 3’ end it produces a 3’ overhang
, 3)The probability to encounter a restriction site
3.1) Follows basic probability laws
1
3.2) You have a chance to get any specific nucleotide (A/T/C/G)
4
3.3) Probability depends only on the length of the recognition sequence
4) Restriction enzymes and recombinant DNA molecules:
4.1) Different DNA molecules from different organisms cut with the same RE
can be paired to create recombinant DNA molecules
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller michellebekker. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R79,00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy summaries for 14 years now