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GGH1501 SUMMARY NOTES LU4
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- University Of South Africa (Unisa)
GGH1501 SUMMARY NOTES LEARNING UNIT 4
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GGH1501 - Learning Unit 4,Learning Unit 4 (Patterns and trends of the global
population)
Excluded:
Infectious diseases – PB Sect B, Ch 5: 136-137
Changing origin of U.S. immigrants PB Sect B, Ch 6:156-157
Key terms
Population: Section B, Chapter 5, pages 116 to 139.
Agricultural density: The ratio of the number of farmers to the total
amount of land suitable for agriculture.
Arable land: The land suited for agriculture.
Arithmetic density: Measures total number of people living in an area.
Crude birth rate (CBR): Total number of live births in a year for every 1 000
people alive in society.
Crude death rate (CDR): Total number of deaths in a year for every 1 000
people alive in society.
Demographic transition: Process of change in society’s population from a
condition of high CBR and CDR and low NIR to a
condition of low CBR and CDR, low NIR and higher
total population.
Dependency ratio: The number of people who are too young or too old
to work, compared to the number of people in their
productive years.
Doubling time: Number of years needed to double a population,
assuming a constant NIR.
Elderly support ratio: Number of working-age people (15-64) divided by
number of persons 65 or older.
Epidemiologic transition: Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the
demographic transition.
Epidemiology: Branch of medical science concerned with the
incidence, distribution and control of diseases that
affect large numbers of people.
Infant mortality rate The annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year
(IMR): for every 1 000 live births.
Life expectancy: The average number of years a newborn infant can
expect to live – looking at the current mortality levels.
Natural increase rate Percentage a population grows in a year.
(NIR):
Overpopulation: Number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of
the environment to support life at a decent standard
of living.
Pandemic: Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and
affects a high proportion of the population.
Physiological density: Number of people per unit of area of arable land,
which is suitable for agriculture.
, Population pyramid: A bar graph displaying the percentage of a place’s
population for each age and gender.
Total fertility rate (TFR): Average number of children a woman will have
throughout her childbearing years (15-49).
Migration: Section B, Chapter 6, pages 140 to 163.
Arrivals: The entry of people into a country.
Brain drain: Loss of highly trained professionals due to
emigration.
Counterurbanization: Residential relocation from urban and suburban
places to rural ones.
Demic diffusion: The movement of people through space over time.
Diaspora: Widespread diffusion of people from their region of
origin.
Displacement: When people are compelled to move from one
place to another.
Ecotourism: Tourism meant to lessen the visitors’ impact on the
environment.
Emigration: Out-migration from one area to another area.
Environmentally Individuals compelled to flee natural disasters.
displaced persons:
Exclusionary policies: Governmental rules to prevent immigration.
Forced migration: Migrants fleeing to avoid disaster or violence.
Guest workers: Immigrants admitted to meet demand for more
workers.
Human origins: When and where modern humans first appeared
and how they peopled the Earth.
Immigrant nation: Country whose population’s primarily composed of
immigrants and their descendants.
Immigration: In-migration to an area from another.
Inclusionary policies: Governmental rules to accommodate or encourage
immigration.
Internally displaced Persons compelled to migrate within their country of
persons (IDPs): origin.
Interregional migration: Migration between 2 regions of the same country.
Intraregional migration: Migration within 1 region.
Migration stream: A sustained movement of people from 1 source
area to a common destination area.
Naturalize: Process of becoming a citizen of a country that’s
not your country of origin.
Net migration: Numerical difference between immigration and
emigration.
Pull factors: Migration destination’s features that attract in-
migration.
Push factors: Migration origin’s features that cause out-migration.
Refugee: Person compelled to migrate outside their country
due to international convention.
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