Summary
19th Century Empires Summary
- Course
- GES 110 (GES110)
- Institution
- University Of Pretoria (UP)
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British and French Empires: Largest and longest lasting colonies
Continue to influence current world affairs
o Commonwealth (British colonies)
Colonisation
Economic benefits of raw
Control of territories and materials, markets, cheap
people was justified labour for manufactured
goods
'survival' after emergence of
Social Darwinism which Industrial Revolution began in
influenced 'inherent Britain after 1750
superiority'
John Hobson (1858-1941):
Premised on the acquisition
modern impreialism and
of the greatest amount of
colonialisation are direct
overseas territories and consequences of modern
control of their resources
industrial economy
Linked to national survival
and prestige
French Empire:
North Africa: Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco
West Africa: Senegal, Mali, Ivory Coast
Equatorial Africa: Congo-Brazzaville, CAR, Chad
Horn of Africa: French Somaliland, Djibouti
Indian Ocean: Reunion, Madagascar, Seychelles (1756-1810), Mauritius (1710-1810)
Asia: French Indo-China (Vietnam)
Americas: French Canada, Haiti, French Guyana
Middle/Near East: Syria and Lebanon (as mandates)
, First Colonial Empire: 17th century in the Second Colonial Empire: 1839 conquest and
Americans and existed until 1814 annexation of Algiers until 20th century wars
of independence
French imperialism began with colonial After 1830: Conquest of Algiers (Algeria)
settlement in the Americans and Indian sub-
continent
1605 colonial rule of Nova Scotia and Quebec Took advantage of collapsing Ottoman Empire
1608
Fur-trading colony of New France (Canada) Imperial expansion and consolidation directed at
Africa and parts of Asia
Power in Senegal and expanded
1850s Napoleon III invasion of Vietnam
to protect French missionaries
Mercantile trade and chartered companies,
French empire in the Americas grew: Louisiana
and Caribbean colonies
1660s: colonies in the Indian Ocean World via
French East India Company
Late 18th century: internal and external 1940s: collapse after WWII [colonial territories
challenges occupied by other powers]
Colonial wars with Britain (7 Years War 1756- Wars of Independence followed:
1763): France lost colonial territory, including First IndoChina War in Vietnam led by
Canada Ho Chi Minh: humiliating defeat in 1950s
Algerian war of Independence ended in
early 1960s
Series of revolts
British power in Indian ocean marginalized
French
Haitian revolution on 1791 was a slave revolt
against imperial power
French Revolutionary wars and Nepoleonic Wars
drained imperial power
1800s: fragmented, weak and marginal
British Empire:
Americas: Canada, USA, West
Indies
Africa: South Africa, Botswana, Zim,
Malawi, Nigeria, Kenya, Egypt,
Uganda
Asia: India, Hong Kong, Singapore,
Burma
Australaisa/pacific: Australia, New
Zealand, Fiji, Tonga
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