, PRINCIPLES OF CYBERNATICS
1st order Cybernetics 2nd order Cybernetics
Seeks to make objective Recursion Reality is not an objective truth
observations to discover Feedback There is no absolute truth and
facts. Morphogenesis objective system
Describes what is happening Morphostasi Reality is seen as agreed upon
as an outside OBSERVER. Rules & Boundaries consensus that occurs through
Individual is not seen as part Openness social interaction of the members of
of the system and not linked a specific system.
to the system in any way. Closed Relationship where the Therapist
Individuals tries to identify Enrophy and the client together create new
with members of the system Negetrophy and break down old context
by via their: Equifinalty Nothing is negative in itself
1. character Equipotentiality Emphasizes Circular assessment of
2. interactional patterns Information processing problems.
3. boundaries formed by rules Communication
and roles of the system itself
AFRICAN KNOWLEDGE MODERNISM POST MOVERNISM
African world view: most Influenced by
African people act from an Sigmund Freud, Critique of modernism
understanding and Karl Marx &
Influen
assumption that various types Isaac Newton
of misfortunes, illness, death, Myriad of
failure arise from activities of cultural
unseen forces which are movements
unseen and unknown originally from
revengeful ancestors who the
ced by
have easy access to our ”Enlightenment”
human world. Logic and
This that what happens to us Rational is the
is not our own will or intention solution to all
Sources of the disturbance in problems
African understanding HOPE:
Friedric
manifests in four domains: Universal truth
1. Biological +Universe
2. Psychological Reality in
3. Social discovery
4. Spiritual science
African world view differs from Mass
h
the western individualistic production: One
concept of human being and size fits all.
follows ‘umuntu umuntu
ngabantu’ mentality which
embraces a collective.
Africans regards themselves
Nietzsc
as being a part of a
community, a community
which includes the living and
the dead.
Maturity is easily viewed as
the ability to know when to
he,
speak and when not to speak.
Jaques
, Derrida
&
Martin
Heideg
ger
Influen
ced by
Friedric
h
Nietzsc
he,
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