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Volledige Samenvatting sociale psychologie (boek+ppt)

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. Dit is een samenvatting van alle lessen en hoofdstukken sociale psychologie met een inhoudsopgave vooraan. Nodige foto materiaal, experimenten en schema's zitten erbij.

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  • April 9, 2021
  • 47
  • 2020/2021
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SAMENVATTING SOCIALE PSYCHOLOGIE
Inhoudsopgave
Hoodstuk 1: sociale cognities..............................................................................................4
sociale congities.............................................................................................................................4
Schema’s........................................................................................................................................4
sociale schema’s............................................................................................................................4
Sociale schema’s kenmerken............................................................................................................................5
sociale schema’s configureren..........................................................................................................................6

persoonsperceptie.........................................................................................................................7
Priming..........................................................................................................................................8
onderzoeken......................................................................................................................................................8
Soorten priming.................................................................................................................................................9
referentie index.................................................................................................................................................9

Cognitieve dissonantie...................................................................................................................9
Endowment effect...........................................................................................................................................10

Het negatieve...............................................................................................................................10
Aversie voor verlies.........................................................................................................................................10
Verliesaversie: framing....................................................................................................................................10

Cognitie en affect.........................................................................................................................10
Wat ben ik hier nu mee in het werkveld?.....................................................................................11

Hoofdstuk 2: attributies.....................................................................................................11
Criteria.........................................................................................................................................11
Intern/extern...................................................................................................................................................11
Stabiel/onstabiel.............................................................................................................................................11
Locus of control...............................................................................................................................................11
Controleerbaar / oncontroleerbaar................................................................................................................11
Globaal / specifiek...........................................................................................................................................12

Attributietheorieën......................................................................................................................12
ZElfwaarnemingstheorie (Bem).......................................................................................................................12
Corresponderende inferentietheorie (Jones & Davis)....................................................................................12
Covariatiemodel (Harold Kelley).....................................................................................................................13
Tweestappenmodel (Gilbert)..........................................................................................................................13

Attributie & motivatie..................................................................................................................14
Vertekening.................................................................................................................................14
Zelfbeeld en self-serving bias..........................................................................................................................14
Beperkte rationaliteit & heuristieken.............................................................................................................14
Valse consensus effect....................................................................................................................................14

, Basisfrequentievalstrik....................................................................................................................................14
Tegenfeitelijk denken......................................................................................................................................15
Fundamentele attributiefout..........................................................................................................................15

Actor-observator verschil.............................................................................................................15
Self-fulfilling prophecy....................................................................................................................................15

Hoofdstuk 3: sociale beïnvloeding.....................................................................................16
Sociale facilitatie & belemmering.................................................................................................16
Andere verklaringen........................................................................................................................................16

Sociaal meeliften..........................................................................................................................17
Sucker-effect...................................................................................................................................................17
Ringelmann-effect...........................................................................................................................................17
Ongelijkheidsaversie.......................................................................................................................................17
Counteren........................................................................................................................................................17

Conformisme of meerderheidsinloed...........................................................................................18
Lijnexperiment van Asch.................................................................................................................................18
Soorten beïnvloeding......................................................................................................................................18
Beïnvloedende factoren..................................................................................................................................19
Sherif en het autokinetische effect.................................................................................................................19
Jacobs & Cambell-autokinetisch effect aansluitend bij Sheriff.......................................................................20

Een verklaring?............................................................................................................................20
Sociale vergelijkingstheorie van Festinger......................................................................................................20

Innovatie of minderheidsbeïnvloeding.........................................................................................21
Moscovici en kleurendia’s...............................................................................................................................21
Beïnvloedende factoren..................................................................................................................................22

Concreet......................................................................................................................................22
Gehoorzaamheid & autoriteit......................................................................................................22
Voordelen & nadelen......................................................................................................................................22
De geschiedenis van de sociale psychologie in gehoorzaamheid...................................................................23
Experiment van Milgram.................................................................................................................................23
Beïnvloedende factoren van Milgram.............................................................................................................23
Gevolgen van experimenten...........................................................................................................................24

Tips toekomstige begeleiders.......................................................................................................25

Hoofdstuk 4: hulpverlenen................................................................................................25
Factoren.......................................................................................................................................25
Situationele factoren.......................................................................................................................................25
Motivationele factoren – waarom helpt men?...............................................................................................25
Persoonsgebonden factoren – wie helpt er?..................................................................................................26
Interpersoonlijke factoren – wie helpt men?.................................................................................................27

Wederkerig altruïsme..................................................................................................................27
De coöperatieve groep.................................................................................................................29
Beloning.......................................................................................................................................29

, te veel hulpvaardigheid................................................................................................................29
Altruïsme of egoïsme?.................................................................................................................29
Stappenmodel..............................................................................................................................30
Emoties........................................................................................................................................31
Hulpvaardigheid en positieve emoties............................................................................................................31
Hulpvaardigheid en negatieve emoties..........................................................................................................32

Hoofdstuk 5: in groep........................................................................................................32
Sociale categorisatie....................................................................................................................32
in/outgroep..................................................................................................................................32
Effecten........................................................................................................................................32
Accentuation effect.........................................................................................................................................33
Assumed similarity-effect................................................................................................................................33
Outgroup homogeneity effect........................................................................................................................33
In-group favoritisme effect.............................................................................................................................34

Valkuilen in groep........................................................................................................................35
Group Think.....................................................................................................................................................35
Polarisatie........................................................................................................................................................36
Valkuilen vermijden.........................................................................................................................................36

Hoofdstuk 6: stereotypen..................................................................................................36
Kenmerken..................................................................................................................................37
Hoe ontstaan stereotypen?..........................................................................................................38
Enkele begrippen.........................................................................................................................39
Anti-stereotypering......................................................................................................................40
Stereotypes en de maatschappij..................................................................................................41

Hoofdstuk 7: attitudes.......................................................................................................41
Soorten........................................................................................................................................42
Kenmerken..................................................................................................................................42
Meten..........................................................................................................................................43
Expliciete, bewuste attituds: via Likertschaal.................................................................................................43
Impliciete, onbewuste attitudes via IAT..........................................................................................................43

Gedrag.........................................................................................................................................43
Veranderen..................................................................................................................................44
Twee wegen voor overreding (veranderen van attitudes).............................................................................44
Invloed van kenmerken van de bron, boodschap en ontvanger....................................................................45

, HOODSTUK 1: SOCIALE COGNITIES

SOCIALE CONGITIES

o Zijn processen waarbij we informatie
o Verwerven of opslaan
o Integreren of organiseren
o Interpreteren
o Kan ook over mensen gaan
o Sociale perceptie = hoe kijken we naar anderen
o Zelfperceptie = hoe we naar onszelf kijken
o We worden gestuurd door sociale cognities

SCHEMA’S

o Zijn mentale structuren die aan de basis liggen van ons handelen
o Over een stimulus of een concept
o Over personen, opvattingen, fysieke daden, feiten
o Kenmerken
o Relaties tussen die kenmerken

SOCIALE SCHEMA’S

o Wat we denken over onszelf
o Wat we denken dat anderen over ons denken
o Sociale cognitie heeft invloed op ons zelfbeeld
o Sociale context heeft invloed op ons handelen
o Soorten sociale schema’s
o Prototype = spreken over een specifieke groep mensen, soort gemiddelde wat we genomen
hebben van die groep mensen.
 Voorbeeld : een groep studenten > hoe ziet de gemiddelde student eruit? We hebben
daar allemaal een beeld over.
o Script = gaat over sociale context, sociale situaties.
 Voorbeeld : online les > iedereen heeft in zijn hoofd hoe je moet gedragen in een online
les
o Gedrag niet conform aan script geeft meer info
 Gaat erover dat gedrag dat niet past binnen script > dat gedrag gaat ons meer informatie
geven.
 Voorbeeld: als we allemaal volgens het script (les volgen), dan zegt dat niets over ons
karakter voor onze docent. Als iemand zijn micro plots aanzet en roept > dat zegt al snel
iets over iemand

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