Summary
Summary OIP1501 Study notes of the Whole book
- Institution
- University Of South Africa (Unisa)
OIP1501 Study notes of the Whole book
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Content preview
lOMoARcPSD|4339232Study notes (whole book) IOP 1501
Psychological Processes in Work Context (University of South
Africa)
, lOMoARcPSD|4339232
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE WORK CONTEXT
IOP 1501
Figure 1: Systems Model for studying psychological processes in the work context
Historical Background
General psychology
• Wilhelm Wundt (“father of psychology”) – first psychological laboratory
founded in Leipzig, Germany in 1879.
th
• 19 Century - psychology viewed more as a natural science (observation and
experimentation)
1
, lOMoARcPSD|4339232
Industrial psychology
• Industrial psychology is the study of the behaviour of people in the workplace.
• Focus on individual differences in the work context and the measurement of such
differences.
Major contributions:
1. Frederick W Taylor (Taylorism)
• Man viewed as a rational-economic being
• Mechanistic approach
2. WWI (1914-1918) & WWII (1939-1945)
• Screening and selecting of Army recruits
3. Hawthorne studies (1924)
• Humanistic approach
SA Today:
Two bodies that regulate the field of psychology
• Psychological Society of South Africa (PsySSA)
• Professional Board for Psychology under the auspices of the HPCSA O
Sets requirements for professional training and conduct
Schools of thought:
Different theoretical and methodological propositions / assumptions for studying
human behaviour
Structuralism
Theorists
• Wilhelm Wundt
• Edward Bradford Titchener
Focus
• Consciousness
• Structural elements that underlie direct conscious experience
Methodology
• Introspection (self-observation)
Functionalism
Theorists & Focus
• Functioning of the psyche (mind)
• Charles Darwin
O Individual differences through natural selection
O Adaptation to environment
• Sir Francis Galton
O Role of genetics
2
, lOMoARcPSD|4339232
Methodology
• Animal experiments to understand human behaviour
• Used tests and questionnaires to ascertain the functioning of the mind
Behaviourism
Theorists and Focus
• John B Watson -
O Behaviour could be predetermined by controlling certain environmental
factors and measuring observable behaviour
O Stimulus-response relationship
• Neo-behaviourists (Tolman, Guthrie, Hull and Skinner)
O Stimulus –organism – response approach
Methodology
• Study of observable behaviour by influencing and controlling stimulus-
response relationships
Gestalt Psychology (“form / configuration”)
Theorists
• Max Wertheimer; Kurt Koffka; Wolfgang Köhler
Focus
• Wholeness of experience
• Re-organisation of stimulus field into a meaningful whole O
Phi phenomenon
O Chimpanzee problem solving study
Method
• Experimentation to interpret the whole of the individual’s experience
Psychoanalytical school
Theorist
• Sigmund Freud
Focus
• All behaviour has a psychic content of unconscious origin that motivates
behaviour
O Id, ego and superego
• Childhood experiences
Method:
• Clinical observation (“one-on-one”)
• One can gain access to the unconscious through analysis of
dreams, hypnosis and free association (“talking therapy”)
3
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Lazie10. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R60,00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
72042 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy summaries for 14 years now