PAMELA GOVENDER
STUDENT NO: 62754327
UNIQUE NO: 690768
ASSIGNMENT 02
Question 1
1.1) Full- service schools: are ordinary schools that are equipped to support and
concentrate on a full range of learning needs. They welcome all learners regardless of
their race, culture, disabilities, etc.
1.2) Special School as Resource Centre: They provide high intensity support to
learners who require it. They also provide professional support to full service schools.
These are special schools that have converted into resource centres.
1.3) Integration: is the process in which learners, with and without disabilities attend
the same schools in the neighbourhood. Integration means to coordinate different
activities to ensure a pleasant functioning. It focuses on the democratic right of every
child to public education and creates a setting where every single learner is an integral
part of the program. It aims to maximize the social interaction between the disabled and
non-disabled learners.
1.4) Microsystem: in accordance to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model, the
microsystem represents the personal relationship that the student has with their family
and friends as well as their school. The microsystem is therefore the immediate
environment (physically, socially and psychologically) where proximal processes are
played out. One of the responsibilities of the system at this level is to adapt the
curriculum in order to fulfil the needs of all learners.
1.5) Extrinsic barriers: These are learning barriers that affect the learner from the
outside, which refers to the type of environment that they are in. For example, their
family lives, crime, etc. If an environment is not the way it should be, the learners needs
will not be met, thus having a serious effect on their education.
1.6) Curriculum differentiation: refers to an inclusive education practice that
recognises the uniqueness of each learner's learning technique and learning needs,
irrespective of the learner’s abilities.
1.7) Multi-level teaching: occurs when one lesson is taught to a group of learners,
while still meeting the needs of every learner. It is both an effective method and a time
well spent method.
, Question 2
2.1) Inclusive education (IE) is a broad term that can be defined in many ways. Simply
put, IE can be defined as a learning environment that ensures access to education for all
learners, irrespective of their race, gender, disability, religion, sexual preference, etc. It
is meant to acknowledge that all children and youth can learn and that they all need
support. Inclusive education empowers learners by developing their individual
strengths and enabling them to participate in the learning processes. It is meant to
create a more equitable and quality orientated educational system to accommodate the
diverse learning needs of all learners.
2.2) - Medical Model of Disability is concerned with the medical diagnoses and
treatment. This model is mainly used in the medical fields as it focuses on finding out
what is medically wrong with the child and how to cure it. They focus on the diagnosis
of - ADHD, Down syndrome, etc. The medical condition of a child is the barriers to
learning in the Medical Model
- Social Model of Disability accepts that there could be something else than a
learning problem that is wrong with the child that keeps them from doing well and
blossoming in school. It suggests that social, economic and political factors also
contribute to the child experiencing barriers to learning as they may not have the
correct resources at school or any resources at all or they may have teachers who lack
the proper training.
These two models differ vastly, because the Social Model of Disability focuses on
barriers that can be supported and helped by teachers and differentiation in the
classroom, where as the medical model of disability, a learner might need more than
just differentiation but special education from special schools.
2.3)
MAINSTREAMING INCLUSION
is about getting learners to ‘fit into’ Is about recognising and respecting
a particular type of system or the differences among all learners
integrating them into an already and building on the similarities.
existing system.
It focuses on the changes that need Focuses on overcoming barriers in
to take place in learners so that the system that stop it from
they can fit in. Basically all the focus meeting the full range of learning
is on the learner as a whole. needs. The focus is on the support
systems available in the classroom
Learners are assessed by focuses on teaching and learning
specialists, who identify and actors, with the importance on the
recommend practical interventions development of good teaching
such as the placement of learners in strategies that will be of advantage
programmes. to all learners.
