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Samenvatting Reactiemechaniscmen Organische chemie + pKa-waarden R155,23   Add to cart

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Samenvatting Reactiemechaniscmen Organische chemie + pKa-waarden

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Dit is een overzicht van alle te kennen reactiemechanismen. Heel handig voor synthese oefeningen. Er staan steeds duidelijke afbeeldingen bij, en kort in woorden omschreven wat er juist gebeurt en wat er nodig is.

Last document update: 3 year ago

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  • May 25, 2021
  • May 25, 2021
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  • 2020/2021
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REACTIEMECHANISMEN
SYNTHESE VAN ALKANEN
Alkeen/alkyn + H2 (katalytrische hydrogenatie)
H2 wordt geadsorbeerd aan opp. vh metaal
Alkeen complexeert ook met metaal
→ H-H binding breekt & C-C π-binding breekt
=> radicalen worden vrijgesteld
→ waterstofradicalen reageren met
koolstofradicalen
=> Alkaan


SYNTHESE VAN ALKENEN
Alkyn + HX
elektrofiel H+ adderen aan nucleofiele alkyn
→ H+ zal binden aan sp C gebonden aan H
=> secundair vinylisch kation (alkeen)




Alkyn + H2
H2 addeert aan alkyn in aanwezigh. V
metaalkatalysator
→ vergiftigen met Lindlar katalysator




Alkyn → trans alkeen
Omlegging naar trans alkeen (st. hinder)




E2 – reactie (Algemeen)
Base onttrekt H+ vd C aanpalend aan C gebonden aan
X
→ bindingselektronenpaar schuift op nr aanpalend C
=> vorming vd dubbele binding + X uitgestoten
=> Alkeen

, E1 – reactie (Algemeen)
halogeenalkaan dissocieert
=> carbokation
→ base onttrekt H+ vh β-C in CBC
=> Alkeen (eliminatieproduct)



E1 dehydratatie (eliminatie v alcoholen)
zuur protoneert meest basisch atoom uit (=O):
→ zwakke LG (HO-) => goede LG (H2O)
Water verlaat de molecule
=> carbokation
→ base (water) onttrekt proton vh β-C
=> alkeen
→ De zure katalysator wordt terug vrijgesteld.

Alkeen behandeld met Ozon (Ozonlyse)
ondergaan geconc. cyclo-additie reactie
→ O-atomen adderen aan 2 sp² C-atomen in 1
Stap
→ breekt in 2
→ C die dubbel => dubbel gebonden met O
=> Molozonide



SYNTHSE VAN HALOGEENALKANEN
Alkeen/Alkyn + HX




SN2 – reactie (Algemeen)
Nu aangetrokken dr 𝛿 + C-atoom (= elektrofiel)
→ vormen binding tsn nucleofiel & C :
= C-halogeen binding heterolytisch
gebroken:
→ negatief halogenide anion verlaat molecule
als LG
=> Halogeenalkaan

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